Dataset Information

Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.).

ABSTRACT: Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) belongs to the same tribe of the Poaceae family as maize (Zea mays L.) and grows naturally in the same region where maize is commercially produced in the USA. Although no evidence exists of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in nature, experimental crosses between the two species were produced using specific techniques. As part of environmental risk assessment, the possibility of transgene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass populations in nature was evaluated with the objectives: (1) to assess the seeds of eastern gamagrass populations naturally growing near commercial maize fields for the presence of a transgenic glyphosate-tolerance gene (cp4 epsps) that would indicate cross-pollination between the two species, and (2) to evaluate the possibility of interspecific hybridization between transgenic maize used as male parent and eastern gamagrass used as female parent. A total of 46,643 seeds from 54 eastern gamagrass populations collected in proximity of maize fields in Illinois, USA were planted in a field in 2014 and 2015. Emerged seedlings were treated with glyphosate herbicide and assessed for survival. An additional 48,000 seeds from the same 54 eastern gamagrass populations were tested for the presence of the cp4 epsps transgene markers using TaqMan® PCR method. The results from these trials showed that no seedlings survived the herbicide treatment and no seed indicated presence of the herbicide tolerant cp4 epsps transgene, even though these eastern gamagrass populations were exposed to glyphosate-tolerant maize pollen for years. Furthermore, no interspecific hybrid seeds were produced from 135 hand-pollination attempts involving 1529 eastern gamagrass spikelets exposed to maize pollen. Together, these results indicate that there is no evidence of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in natural habitats. The outcome of this study should be taken in consideration when assessing for environmental risks regarding the consequence of gene flow from transgenic maize to its wild relatives.

SUBMITTER: Lee MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5504203 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.).

Lee Moon-Sub MS Anderson Eric K EK Stojšin Duška D McPherson Marc A MA Baltazar Baltazar B Horak Michael J MJ de la Fuente Juan Manuel JM Wu Kunsheng K Crowley James H JH Rayburn A Lane AL Lee D K DK

Transgenic research 20170502 4

Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) belongs to the same tribe of the Poaceae family as maize (Zea mays L.) and grows naturally in the same region where maize is commercially produced in the USA. Although no evidence exists of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in nature, experimental crosses between the two species were produced using specific techniques. As part of environmental risk assessment, the possibility of transgene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass populations in nat ...[more]

PMID: 28466411

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Project description:Plant growth-limiting factors, such as low nutrient availability and weak pathogen resistance, may hinder the production of several crops. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) used in agriculture, which stimulate plant growth and development, can serve as a potential tool to mitigate or even circumvent these limitations. The present study evaluated the feasibility of using bacteria isolated from the maize rhizosphere as PGPB for the cultivation of this crop. A total of 282 isolates were collected and clustered into 57 groups based on their genetic similarity using BOX-PCR. A representative isolate from each group was selected and identified at the genus level with 16S rRNA sequencing. The identified genera included Bacillus (61.5% of the isolates), Lysinibacillus (30.52%), Pseudomonas (3.15%), Stenotrophomonas (2.91%), Paenibacillus (1.22%), Enterobacter (0.25%), Rhizobium (0.25%), and Atlantibacter (0.25%). Eleven isolates with the highest performance were selected for analyzing the possible pathways underlying plant growth promotion using biochemical and molecular techniques. Of the selected isolates, 90.9% were positive for indolepyruvate/phenylpyruvate decarboxylase, 54.4% for pyrroloquinoline quinine synthase, 36.4% for nitrogenase reductase, and 27.3% for nitrite reductase. Based on biochemical characterization, 9.1% isolates could fix nitrogen, 36.6% could solubilize phosphate, 54.5% could produce siderophores, and 90.9% could produce indole acetic acid. Enzymatic profiling revealed that the isolates could degrade starch (90.1%), cellulose (72.7%), pectin (81.8%), protein (90.9%), chitin (18.2%), urea (54.5%), and esters (45.4%). Based on the data obtained, we identified three Bacillus spp. (LGMB12, LGMB273, and LGMB426), one Stenotrophomonas sp. (LGMB417), and one Pseudomonas sp. (LGMB456) with the potential to serve as PGPB for maize. Further research is warranted to evaluate the biotechnological potential of these isolates as biofertilizers under field conditions.

Dataset Information

Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.).

Publications

Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.).

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