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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution.

ABSTRACT: Transposable elements (TEs) are widespread genomic parasites, and their evolution has remained a critical question in evolutionary genomics. Here, we study the relatively unexplored epigenetic impacts of TEs and provide the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Surprisingly, the spread of repressive epigenetic marks (histone H3K9me2) to nearby DNA occurs at >50% of euchromatic TEs, and can extend up to 20 kb. This results in differential epigenetic states of genic alleles and, in turn, selection against TEs. Interestingly, the lower TE content in D. simulans compared to D. melanogaster correlates with stronger epigenetic effects of TEs and higher levels of host genetic factors known to promote epigenetic silencing. Our study demonstrates that the epigenetic effects of euchromatic TEs, and host genetic factors modulating such effects, play a critical role in the evolution of TEs both within and between species.

SUBMITTER: Lee YCG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5505702 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution.

Lee Yuh Chwen G YCG Karpen Gary H GH

eLife 20170711

Transposable elements (TEs) are widespread genomic parasites, and their evolution has remained a critical question in evolutionary genomics. Here, we study the relatively unexplored epigenetic impacts of TEs and provide the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Surprisingly, the spread of repressive epigenetic marks (histone H3K9me2) to nearby DNA occurs at >50% of euchromatic TEs, and can extend up to 20 kb. This results in dif ...[more]

PMID: 28695823

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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution

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Pervasive epigenetic effects of Drosophila euchromatic transposable elements impact their evolution [RNA-seq]

Project description:We study the relatively unexplored evolutionary consequences of the epigenetic effects of transpoable elements (TEs) by providing the first genome-wide quantification of such effects in wild-derived D. melanogaster and D. simulans strains. Surprisingly, over half of euchromatic TEs show spread of repressive epigenetic marks to nearby DNA, resulting in differential epigenetic states of homologous genic alleles and, in return, selection against TEs. Interestingly, compared to D. melanogaster, the lower TE content in D. simulans is correlated with stronger epigenetic effects of TEs and higher levels of host genetic factors known to promote epigenetic silencing. We conclude that the epigenetic effects of euchromatic TEs, and host genetic factors modulating such effects, play a critical role in the population dynamics of TEs within and between species.

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TeXP: Deconvolving the effects of pervasive and autonomous transcription of transposable elements.

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