GTSE1 promotes cell migration and invasion by regulating EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma and is associated with poor prognosis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu X
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5505986 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Introduction:RALY plays a critical role in promoting invasiveness and is associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancers. However, the prognostic value of RALY and its precise role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Materials and methods:We detected the expression of RALY in 127 clinical HCC tissue samples and seven HCC cell lines by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The prognostic value of RALY expression was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The expression and prognostic value of RALY were also studied by bioinformatics analysis of data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The biological influence of RALY on HCC cell lines was studied using proliferation, transwell migration, and invasion assays in vitro. Results:The expression of RALY in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal liver tissues. Abnormally high expression of RALY was associated with tumor size (P=0.031), TNM stage (P=0.026), presurgical serum AFP levels (P=0.025), and vascular invasion (P=0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that higher expression of RALY correlated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival in HCC patients. High RALY expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival (HR =2.559, 95% CI: 1.710-3.827, P<0.001) and disease-free survival (HR =2.053, 95% CI: 1.384-3.047, P<0.001) in HCC. Moreover, knockdown of RALY expression using a specific shRNA suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of HCC cells in vitro. Knockdown of RALY expression in HCC cell lines resulted in upregulation of E-cadherin and downregulation of N-cadherin, vimentin, and snail. Conclusion:Taken together, our results indicate that RALY represents a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC and highlight the importance of RALY as an oncogene in HCC.
| S-EPMC6235007 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Collagen triple helix repeat containing-1 (CTHRC1) is a secreted glycoprotein that activates the planar cell polarity pathway of Wnt signaling. Using microarray analysis, we found that the CTHRC1 gene is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The level of CTHRC1 mRNA was measured in 201 surgically resected HCCs using real time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of CTHRC1 in HCC was associated with large tumor size and advanced tumor stage. Furthermore, expression of CTHRC1 as was identified as an independent prognostic factors in the multivariate analysis. Suppression of CTHRC1 expression inhibited tumor migration and invasion whereas overexpression of CTHRC1 promoted tumor invasion. Activation of RhoA, but not Rac1 or Cdc42, was found to play a crucial role in CTHRC1-induced cell migration. CTHRC1 promoted adhesion of cancer cells to extracellular matrix through induction of integrin ?1 expression and activation of focal adhesion kinase. These results suggest CTHRC1 promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by enhancing the adhesion and migratory abilities of tumor cells. It is also a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of patients with HCC.
| S-EPMC3726622 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The prognostic biomarkers and potential therapy targets are urgently needed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this article, we report the expression of TUBA1C was significantly increased in HCC on mRNA and protein level, and this finding was further validated in another two independent datasets. Survival analysis was also implemented on these three datasets, and TUBA1C high expression group was detected to have relative shorter survival time. Furthermore, the metastatic ability is increased along with TUBA1C abundance, according to protein abundance evaluation of normal-tumor-portal vein tumor thrombus pairs, and mRNA comparison between metastasis-averse HCC and metastasis-incline HCC. Correlation analysis was implemented and TUBA1C expression was shown to be significantly associated with recurrence, embolus, and AFP level. Proliferation and migration assays following knock down of TUBA1C in two cell lines, HCCLM3 and PLC, revealed that down-regulation of TUBA1C significantly reduces proliferation and migration in HCC cells. in vivo study also showed the similar results. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) comparing the TUBA1C-low and TUBA1C-high group indicates that KEGG pathways including "cell cycle", "DNA replication", and "proteasome" were significantly enriched in TUBA1C-high group. In conclusion, prognostic biomarker and oncogene TUBA1C promotes migration and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, probability via cell cycle signaling pathway.
| S-EPMC5707094 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) generally has a dismal prognosis, and it is associated with a poor quality of life as the disease progresses. However, the development of effective therapies for GBM has been deficient. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2T (UBE2T) is a member of the E2 family in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and a vital regulator of tumour progression, but its role in GBM is unclear. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of UBE2T in GBM. Bioinformatics analysis identified UBE2T as an independent risk factor for gliomas. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure UBE2T expression in GBM and normal tissue samples obtained from patients with GBM. The effects of UBE2T on GBM cell invasion and migration were analysed using the Transwell assay. BALB/c nude mice were used for the in vivo assays. Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were performed to determine the molecular mechanisms. UBE2T was highly expressed in GBM tissues, and its expression was linked to a poor prognosis. In vitro, depletion of UBE2T significantly suppressed cell invasion and migration. Moreover, UBE2T depletion suppressed the growth of GBM subcutaneous tumours in vivo. Further experiments revealed that UBE2T suppressed invasion and migration by regulating epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) via stabilising GRP78 in GBM cells. We uncovered a novel UBE2T/GRP78/EMT regulatory axis that modulates the malignant progression and recurrence of GBM, indicating that the axis might be a valuable therapeutic target.
| S-EPMC7346020 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundAt present, gastric cancer (GC) is a serious threat to human life and health. Non-coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found abnormal expression in multiple tumors. However, circRNAs remain largely unknown in tumor progression. In the present study, we mainly examined the expression, function, and molecular mechanisms of a new circRNAs (hsa_circ_101882) in GC.Materials and methodsThe expression of hsa_circ_101882 in GC tissue, corresponding adjacent normal tissues, and GC cell lines was examined by RT-PCR. The function of hsa_circ_101882 in GC was evaluated by MTT assay, cell migration, and invasion assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometric assay. The effect of hsa_circ_101882 on epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.ResultsHsa_circ_101882 expression levels were significantly increased in GC tissue and GC cell lines. Functionally, low expression of hsa_circ_101882 revealed anti-tumor effects via inhibiting cell growth, migration, and invasion and promoting cell apoptosis. Mechanically, the dysregulated expression of hsa_circ_101882 affects EMT signaling pathway, which was examined by detecting E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and Snail expression levels.ConclusionsTherefore, our research reveals that hsa_circ_101882 is considered a metastasis promoter by activating EMT and may serve as a critical oncogene and potential new biomarker in GC.
| S-EPMC6868453 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The tumour susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) is reported to play important roles in the development and progression of several human cancers. However, its potential roles and underlined mechanisms in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still needed to be further clarified. In the present study, we reported that knock down of TSG101 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells, while overexpression of TSG101 facilitated them. Molecularly, the results revealed that knock down of TSG101 significantly decreased the cell cycle related regulatory factor p53 and p21. In another point, knock down of TSG101 also obviously decreased the level of metallopeptidase inhibitor TIMP1 (Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases 1), which results in inhibition of MMP2, MMP7 and MMP9. In contrast, overexpression of TSG101 had opposite effects. The iTRAQ proteomics analysis identified that oncogenic protein PEG10 (Paternally expressed gene 10) might be a potential downstream target of TSG101. Further investigation showed that TSG101 interacted with PEG10 and protected it from proteasomal degradation thereby regulating the expression of p53, p21 and MMPs. Finally, we found that both TSG101 and PEG10 proteins are up-regulated and presented a direct correlation in HCC patients. In conclusion, these results suggest that TSG101 is up-regulated in human HCC patients, which may accelerate the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells through regulating PEG10.
| S-EPMC6307771 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The malignant biological behavior of HCC is closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and EMT plays an important role in the progression, migration and metastasis of HCC. P21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and PAK3 affects the EMT, proliferation, metastasis and invasion of HCC. Methods: In this study, the relationship between PAK3 and HCC was first analyzed by bioinformatics, and then, the expression of PAK3 in clinical samples was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. Subsequently, the expression of PAK3 was further confirmed in HCC cells. In addition, after the overexpression or knockdown of PAK3 in cells, the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of these cells were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell assays, and the results were confirmed in vivo experiments in mice. In addition, we also verified that PAK3 affected the EMT and EMT-related pathway of HCC through qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence experiments. Results: Through database analysis, we found that PAK3 was highly expressed in HCC patients and was positively correlated with tumor stage and grade, suggesting that PAK3 expression was closely related to HCC occurrence and development. We subsequently confirmed that PAK3 was overexpressed in HCC clinical samples and HCC cell lines and that PAK3 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Finally, we found that PAK3 regulated EMT-related molecule expression and EMT-related TGF-β/smad signaling pathway. Conclusion: High expression of PAK3 enhances the invasion of HCC and regulates EMT, suggesting that PAK3 may be a potential target for the treatment of HCC.
| S-EPMC8692680 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cervical cancer has the second-highest incidence and mortality of female malignancy. The major causes of mortality in patients with cervical cancer are invasion and metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process plays a major role in the acquisition of metastatic potential and motility. Autophagy-related genes (ARGs) are implicated in the EMT process, and autophagy exerts a dual function in EMT management at different phases of tumor progression. However, the role of specific ARGs during the EMT process has not yet been reported in cervical cancer. Based on the data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) sequencing database, we performed the prognosis analysis for those ARGs obtained from the Human Autophagy database. ATG5 was identified as the only important harmful marker influencing survival of cervical cancer patients by univariate Cox regression (HR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0-2.8, p = 0.047), and the 5-years survival rate for the high- and low-ATG5 expression groups was 0.486 (0.375-0.631) and 0.782 (0.708-0.863), respectively. TCGA CESC methylation data showed that eight methylation sites of ATG5 could also be significantly associated with the overall survival (OS) of cervical cancer patients. Single-sample gene-set enrichment and gene functional enrichment results showed that ATG5 was correlated with some cancer-related pathways, such as phagocytosis-related genes, endocytosis-related genes, immune-related genes, EMT score, and some EMT signature-related genes. Next, cell migration and invasion assay and Western blot were applied to detect the function of ATG5 in EMT of cervical cancer. In cervical cancer cells, ATG5 knockdown resulted in attenuation of migration and invasion. The functional study showed that knockdown of ATG5 could reverse EMT process by P-ERK, P-NFκBp65, P-mTOR pathways, and so on. In conclusion, the present study implies that ATG5 was a major contributor to EMT regulation and poor prognosis in cervical cancer.
| S-EPMC8655861 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been substantially reported to have critical roles in regulating tumorigenesis recent years. However, the expression pattern and biological function of SNHG17 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclearly. Bioinformatics analysis and qRT-PCR were performed to detect the expression pattern of SNHG17 in HCC tissues, adjacent non-tumorous tissues and cell lines. The effect of SNHG17 on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of HCC were investigated by knockdown and overexpressing SNHG17 in HCC cell lines. RNA sequencing was utilized to explore the underlying mechanism. Utilizing publicly available TCGA-LIHC, GSE102079 HCC datasets and qRT-PCR, we found SNHG17 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues and cell lines and was notably associated with larger tumor size, poorly differentiation, presence of vascular invasion and advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that SNHG17 promoted cell proliferation, migration and inhibited apoptosis of HCC. By employing RNA sequencing, we found knockdown of SNHG17 caused 1037 differentially expressed genes, highly enriched in several pathways, including metabolic, PI3K-Akt, cell adhesion, regulation of cell proliferation and apoptotic pathway, among them 92 were overlapped with SNHG17-related genes in TCGA-LIHC dataset. Furthermore, ERH, TBCA, TDO2 and PDK4 were successfully validated and found significantly dysregulated in HCC tissues. Moreover, HCC patients with higher SNHG17 expression had a relatively poor overall survival and disease-free survival and ERH, PDK4 also played markedly role in prognosis of HCC. Broadly, our findings illustrate that SNHG17 acts as a noncoding oncogene in HCC progression, suggesting its potential value as a novel target for HCC therapy.
2021-09-12 | GSE152256 | GEO
Project description:BackgroundPRL-3 had been found to be involved in tumorigenesis in various malignancies. In this study, we investigated the role of PRL-3 in the development, migration, and invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC).MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the development and prognosis of SACC. Then, we overexpressed or inhibited the expression of PRL-3 in paired SACC cells to analyze the role of PRL-3 in the migration and invasion of SACC. In vitro migration and invasion assays were used. Western blotting was used to detect metastasis-related protein levels.ResultsIHC results confirmed that the deregulation of PRL-3 was a frequent event in SACC; the upregulation of PRL-3 was related to clinical stages, vital status, and distant metastasis, which was associated with reduced overall survival and disease-free survival. SACC-LM cells with higher migratory and invasive abilities had more robust PRL-3 protein expression than SACC-83 cells with lower migratory and invasive abilities. PRL-3 overexpression promoted cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, led to simultaneous upregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and downregulation of E-cadherin in SACC-83 cells. However, the inhibition of PRL-3 by PRL-3 inhibitor or PRL-3 siRNA in SACC-LM cells inhibited cell migration, invasion, and proliferation, resulted in simultaneous downregulation of phosphorylated PRL-3, pERK1/2, Slug, vimentin, and upregulation of E-cadherin.ConclusionsOur results confirm that PRL-3 plays an important role in the development of SACC and contributes to the migratory and invasive abilities of SACC.
| S-EPMC5032974 | biostudies-literature