Detection of the spatial patterns of water storage variation over China in recent 70 years.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Chen Z
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5526944 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive lymphoma subtype worldwide and occurs frequently in the elderly population. However, there are limited data on the clinical profiles of patients with DLBCL over 70 years of age. Our objective was to summarize the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies and survival outcomes of this population in China. Methods: This multicenter retrospective study was conducted in China from January 2012 to July 2020 to investigate the clinical characteristics and survival outcomes. A total of 239 patients with DLBCL aged over 70 years underwent pretreatment evaluations, treatment, and follow-up at local hospitals. The primary endpoints were the progression-free survival (PFS) and the overall survival (OS) rates at 2 years. Secondary endpoints included median PFS and OS, the estimated PFS and OS rates at 5 years, and adverse events during treatment. Results: With a median follow-up of 50 months (range, 1–102 months), the 2-year PFS and OS rates were 53.0% and 65.5%, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 42.1 and 96.4 months, respectively; and the estimated 5-year PFS and OS rates were 44.7% and 56.1%, respectively. Hematological toxicities were the most common adverse effects in this study, accounting for 90.4%; and leukopenia was the most frequently observed ≥ grade 3 event. Furthermore, we found that regimens without rituximab and chemotherapy cycles < 6 were significantly associated with worse survival. Additionally, in the 70–80-year group, reduction in chemotherapy dose was associated with a significantly shorter OS, with a 2-year OS rate of 74.4% in the full dose group, compared to 67.1% for the decreased-dose group (p = 0.044). Conclusion: Our study presents the clinical profiles and survival outcomes of elderly patients with DLBCL in China. Treatment of these patients requires careful evaluation of toxicities and benefits. To this end, a prognosis model, such as comprehensive geriatric assessment, is required in clinical practice to optimally manage elderly patients with DLBCL.
| S-EPMC9341248 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Spatial patterns of water quality trends for 45 stations in control units of the Shandong Province, China during 2009-2017 were examined by a non-parametric seasonal Mann-Kendall's test (SMK) for dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), permanganate index (CODMn), total phosphorus (TP) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The DO concentration showed significant upward trends at approximately half of the stations, while other parameters showed significant downward trends at more than 40% of stations. The stations with downward trends presented significant spatial autocorrelation, and were mainly concentrated in the northwest and southwest regions. The relationship between the landscape characteristics and water quality was explored using stepwise multiple regression models, which indicated the water quality was better explained using landscape pattern metrics compared to the percentage of land use types. Decreased mean patch area and connectedness of farmland will promote the control of BOD, COD and CODMn, whereas the increased landscape percentage of urban areas were not conducive to the water quality improvement, which suggested the sprawling of farmland and urban land was not beneficial to pollution control. Increasing the grassland area was conducive to the reduction of pollutants, while the effect of grassland fragmentation was reversed.
| S-EPMC6617499 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background Elderly migraine is a public health problem with prolonged life expectancy, and effective prophylactic treatment is needed. There were no reports on fremanezumab for the elderly. We described the real-world data of fremanezumab, calcitonin gene-related peptide-related monoclonal antibody (CGRP-mAB), for migraine in elderly over 70 years old. Methods We retrospectively investigated six elderly migraine patients over 70 years old treated with fremanezumab. Headache impact test-6 (HIT-6), monthly headache days (MHD), and monthly acute medication intake days (AMD) before one and three months after starting fremanezumab treatment were evaluated. Results Three women and three men (median age 78; range: 71-99) were included. One was chronic migraine (CM), three were CM and medication-overuse headache, and two were episodic migraine and tension-type headache. All six patients received monthly fremanezumab. The median MHD before, during one, and three months after treatment were 30 (4-30), 30 (4-30), and 29 (15-30, n=4). Those of AMD were 17 (0-30), 9.5 (0-30), and 1 (0-28). Those about HIT-6 were 64 (56-72), 59.5 (52-70), and 55.5 (48-64). Two (33.3%) of the six patients experienced therapeutic effectiveness. There were no side effects. Conclusion We described the six elderly migraine patients aged over 70 years old treated with fremanezumab. Two (33.3%) of the six patients experienced therapeutic effectiveness. This is the first report of fremanezumab for elderly migraine patients aged over 70 years old. Further evidence accumulation is needed about CGRP-mABs for the elderly.
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Project description:Significant increase in the frequency of occurrences of rainfall extremes has been reported over several parts of the world. These extreme events were defined at individual grids without considering their spatial extent. Here, using ground-based observations over India during boreal summer, we show that the average size of spatially collocated rainfall extremes has been significantly increasing since 1980. However, the frequency of occurrences of such collocated extreme events remains unchanged. Around 90% of the total number of large-sized events (area ≥ 70 × 103 km2) of our study period (1951 to 2015) have occurred after 1980. Some of the major floods in recent decades over India are attributed to these large events. These events have distinctive precursory planetary-scale conditions, unlike their smaller counterparts. As the underlying physical mechanisms of extremes rainfall events are size-dependent, their changing spatial extent needs to be considered to understand the observed trends correctly and obtain realistic future projections.
| S-EPMC6635486 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Given today's rapidly ageing society, family members providing informal care to dependent older adults face ever-increasing challenges. The aim of this study was to describe the affective impact on older adults over 70 years of age caring for a dependent older person at home. A qualitative study was designed from a phenomenological perspective. Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted with caregivers aged 70 or older. A content analysis of the interviews was carried out in five stages. Three themes were identified: "Emotions", "Feelings", and "Looking to the future". Caregivers express negative emotions (sadness, anger, and fear) and feelings of social and emotional isolation, and they feel abandoned by health professionals, family, and friends. In conclusion, prolonged caregiving by older adults has a negative affective impact and creates uncertainty about the future. There is a need to devise social and healthcare policies and actions, creating social support networks to improve their health and emotional wellbeing.
| S-EPMC10855777 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Dissolved inorganic nutrient concentrations in the surface waters (0 to 5 m) of the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) were analyzed from 1985 to 2019 (> 10,000 observations) to determine spatiotemporal trends and their connection to nutrients supplied from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River (MAR). In the NGoM, annual mean dissolved inorganic P (DIP) concentrations increased significantly over time, while dissolved inorganic N (DIN) concentrations showed no temporal trend. With greater salinity, mean DIN:DIP decreased from above the Redfield ratio of 16 to below it, reflecting DIN losses and the more conservative behavior of DIP with salinity. Over the same time period, annual mean P (total dissolved P, DIP, dissolved organic P) loading from the MAR to the NGoM significantly increased, annual mean DIN and total dissolved N loading showed no temporal trend, and dissolved organic N loading significantly decreased. Though DIP increased in the MAR, MAR DIP alone was insufficient to explain the surface distribution of DIP with salinity. Therefore, increases in surface DIP in the NGoM are not simply a reflection of increasing MAR DIP, pointing to temporal changes in other DIP sources. The increase in NGoM DIP suggests greater N limitation for phytoplankton, with implications for N fixation and nutrient management.
| S-EPMC10973365 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundJixi is a typical mining city in China that has undergone dramatic changes in its land-use pattern of mining areas over the development of its coal resources. The impacts of coal mining activities have greatly affected the regional land surface temperature and ecological system.MethodsThe Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data from 2015 and 2019 were used from the Jiguan, Didao, and Chengzihe District of Jixi in Heilongjiang, China as the study area. The calculations to determine the land-use classification, vegetation coverage, and land surface temperature (LST) were performed using ArcGIS10.5 and ENVI 5.3 software packages. A correlation analysis revealed the impact of land-use type, vegetation coverage, and coal mining activities on LSTs.ResultsThe results show significant spatial differentiation in the LSTs of Jixi City. The LSTs for various land-use types were ranked from high to low as follows: mining land > construction land > grassland > cultivated land > forest land > water area. The LST was lower in areas with high vegetation coverage than in other areas. For every 0.1 increase in vegetation coverage, the LST is expected to drop by approximately 0.75 °C. An analysis of mining land patches indicates that the patch area of mining lands has a significant positive correlation with both the average and maximum patch temperatures. The average patch temperature shows a logarithmic increase with the growth of the patch area, and within 200,000 m2, the average patch temperature increases significantly. The maximum patch temperature shows a linear increase with the patch area growth, and for every 100,000 m2 increase in the patch area of mining lands, the maximum patch temperature increases by approximately 0.81 °C. The higher the average patch temperature of mining land, the higher the temperature in its buffer zone, and the greater its influence scope. This study provides a useful reference for exploring the warming effects caused by coal mining activities and the definition of its influence scope.
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Project description:Influence of long-term changes in climate and CO2 concentration on intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), defined as the ratio between net photosynthesis (A) and leaf conductance (g), and tree growth remain not fully revealed in humid subtropical China, which is distinct from other arid subtropical areas with dense coverage of broadleaf forests. This study presented the first tree-ring stable carbon isotope (δ13C) and iWUE series of Pinus massoniana from 1865 to 2013 in Fujian province, humid subtropical China, and the first tree-ring width standard chronology during the period of 1836-2013 for the Niumulin Nature Reserve (NML). Tree-ring width growth was limited by precipitation in July-August (r = 0.40, p < 0.01). The tree-ring carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) was mainly controlled by the sunshine hours (r = -0.66, p < 0.001) and relative humidity (r = 0.58, p < 0.001) in September-October, a season with rapid latewood formation in this area. The iWUE increased by 42.6% and the atmospheric CO2 concentration (ca) explained 92.6% of the iWUE variance over the last 150 years. The steady increase in iWUE suggests an active response with a proportional increase in intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) in response to increase in ca. The contribution of iWUE to tree growth in the study region is not conspicuous, which points to influences of other factors such as climate.
| S-EPMC5300276 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The goal of the following study is to clarify whether the skeletal remains over 70 years old from missing persons and their alleged relatives shared identical Y-STR loci. Nowadays, advances in ancient DNA extraction techniques and approaches of using multiple different Y-STRs have significantly increased the possibility of obtaining DNA profiles from highly degraded skeletal remains. Given the ages and conditions of the skeletal remains, ancient DNA extraction methods can be used to maximize the probability of DNA recovery. Considering that information about distant relatives is more relevant for long-term missing persons and alleged family members are male, Y-STR loci analysis is considered the most appropriate and informative approach for determining paternal lineage relationship. In this study, Y-STR genotypes obtained from these alleged relatives were identical to each other and to the alleles of missing persons' consensus profiles at more than 22 loci examined, whilst not being found in Y-STR population database from Y-Chromosome STR Haplotype Reference Database. Therefore, Missing Person No.7 and Missing Person No.18 have a patrilineal relationship with reference samples from Family1 and Family2, respectively. In addition, the fact that Y-STR haplotypes obtained from skeletal remains of missing persons and reference samples are not found in the Han Chinese people from East Asian demonstrates its rarity and further supports a paternal lineage relationship amongst them.
| S-EPMC11014468 | biostudies-literature
Project description:PurposeIt is difficult to change dietary habits and maintain them in the long run, particularly in elderly people. We aimed to assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular risk factor were similar in the middle-aged and oldest participants in the PREDIMED study.MethodsWe analyzed participants belonging to the first and fourth quartiles of age (Q1 and Q4, respectively) to compare between-group differences in adherence to the nutritional intervention and cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) control during a 3-year follow-up. All participants underwent yearly clinical, nutritional, and laboratory assessments during the following.ResultsA total of 2278 patients were included (1091 and 1187 in Q1 and Q4, respectively). At baseline, mean ages were 59.6 ± 2.1 years in Q1 and 74.2 ± 2.6 years in Q4. In Q4, there were more women, greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower obesity and smoking rates than the younger cohort (P ≤ 0.001, all). Adherence to the MedDiet was similar in Q1 and Q4 at baseline (mean 8.7 of 14 points for both) and improved significantly (P < 0.01) and to a similar extent (mean 10.2 and 10.0 points, respectively) during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure, low density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and body weight were similarly reduced at 3 years in Q1 and Q4 participants.ConclusionThe youngest and oldest participants showed improved dietary habits and CRFs to a similar extent after 3 years' intervention. Therefore, it is never too late to improve dietary habits and ameliorate CRF in high-risk individuals, even those of advanced age.RegistrationThe trial is registered in the London-based Current Controlled Trials Registry (ISRCTN number 35739639).
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