Dataset Information

High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus.

ABSTRACT: Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, in 100% of both species, followed by seroconversion. The magnitude and duration of infectious virus in the blood of macaques suggest humans infected with Zika virus through sexual transmission will likely generate viremias sufficient to infect competent mosquito vectors. Our results indicate that transmission of Zika virus by sexual intercourse might serve as a virus maintenance mechanism in the absence of mosquito-to-human transmission and could increase the probability of establishment and spread of Zika virus in regions where this virus is not present.

SUBMITTER: Haddow AD

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5547779 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus.

Haddow Andrew D AD Nalca Aysegul A Rossi Franco D FD Miller Lynn J LJ Wiley Michael R MR Perez-Sautu Unai U Washington Samuel C SC Norris Sarah L SL Wollen-Roberts Suzanne E SE Shamblin Joshua D JD Kimmel Adrienne E AE Bloomfield Holly A HA Valdez Stephanie M SM Sprague Thomas R TR Principe Lucia M LM Bellanca Stephanie A SA Cinkovich Stephanie S SS Lugo-Roman Luis L Cazares Lisa H LH Pratt William D WD Palacios Gustavo F GF Bavari Sina S Pitt M Louise ML Nasar Farooq F

Emerging infectious diseases 20170815 8

Unprotected sexual intercourse between persons residing in or traveling from regions with Zika virus transmission is a risk factor for infection. To model risk for infection after sexual intercourse, we inoculated rhesus and cynomolgus macaques with Zika virus by intravaginal or intrarectal routes. In macaques inoculated intravaginally, we detected viremia and virus RNA in 50% of macaques, followed by seroconversion. In macaques inoculated intrarectally, we detected viremia, virus RNA, or both, ...[more]

PMID: 28548637

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Project description:Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted virus that can cause severe defects in an infected fetus. ZIKV is also transmitted by sexual contact, although the relative importance of sexual transmission is unclear. To better understand the role of sexual transmission in ZIKV pathogenesis, a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of vaginal transmission was developed. ZIKV was readily transmitted to mature cycling female rhesus macaque (RM) by vaginal inoculation with 104-106 plaque-forming units (PFU). However, there was variability in susceptibility between the individual RM with 1->8 vaginal inoculations required to establish infection. After treatment with Depoprovera, a widely used contraceptive progestin, two RM that initially resisted 8 vaginal ZIKV inoculations became infected after one ZIKV inoculation. Thus, Depoprovera seemed to enhance susceptibility to vaginal ZIKV transmission. Unexpectedly, the kinetics of virus replication and dissemination after intravaginal ZIKV inoculation were markedly different from RM infected with ZIKV by subcutaneous (SQ) virus inoculation. Several groups have reported that after SQ ZIKV inoculation vRNA is rapidly detected in blood plasma with vRNA less common in urine and saliva and only rarely detected in female reproductive tract (FRT) secretions. In contrast, in vaginally inoculated RM, plasma vRNA is delayed for several days and ZIKV replication in, and vRNA shedding from, the FRT was found in all 6 animals. Further, after intravaginal transmission ZIKV RNA shedding from FRT secretions was detected before or simultaneously with plasma vRNA, and persisted for at least as long. Thus, ZIKV replication in the FRT was independent of, and often preceded virus replication in the tissues contributing to plasma vRNA. These results support the conclusion that ZIKV preferentially replicates in the FRT after vaginal transmission, but not after SQ transmission, and raise the possibility that there is enhanced fetal infection and pathology after vaginal ZIKV transmission compared to a mosquito transmitted ZIKV.

Dataset Information

High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus.

Publications

High Infection Rates for Adult Macaques after Intravaginal or Intrarectal Inoculation with Zika Virus.

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