Dataset Information

Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels.

ABSTRACT: State-of-the-art pixels for high-resolution microdisplays utilize reflective surfaces on top of electrical backplanes. Each pixel is a single fixed color and will usually only modulate the amplitude of light. With the rise of nanophotonics, a pixel's relatively large surface area (~10??m²), is in effect underutilized. Considering the unique optical phenomena associated with plasmonic nanostructures, the scope for use in reflective pixel technology for increased functionality is vast. Yet in general, low reflectance due to plasmonic losses, and sub-optimal design schemes, have limited the real-world application. Here we demonstrate the plasmonic metapixel; which permits high reflection capability whilst providing vivid, polarization switchable, wide color gamut filtering. Ultra-thin nanostructured metal-insulator-metal geometries result in the excitation of hybridized absorption modes across the visible spectrum. These modes include surface plasmons and quasi-guided modes, and by tailoring the absorption modes to exist either side of target wavelengths, we achieve pixels with polarization dependent multicolor reflection on mirror-like surfaces. Because the target wavelength is not part of a plasmonic process, subtractive color filtering and mirror-like reflection occurs. We demonstrate wide color-range pixels, RGB pixel designs, and in-plane Gaussian profile pixels that have the potential to enable new functionality beyond that of a conventional 'square' pixel.

SUBMITTER: Williams C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5552795 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels.

Williams Calum C Rughoobur Girish G Flewitt Andrew J AJ Wilkinson Timothy D TD

Scientific reports 20170810 1

State-of-the-art pixels for high-resolution microdisplays utilize reflective surfaces on top of electrical backplanes. Each pixel is a single fixed color and will usually only modulate the amplitude of light. With the rise of nanophotonics, a pixel's relatively large surface area (~10 μm<sup>2</sup>), is in effect underutilized. Considering the unique optical phenomena associated with plasmonic nanostructures, the scope for use in reflective pixel technology for increased functionality is vast. ...[more]

PMID: 28798395

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Project description:Rational: Titanium is the most widely used alloy family in dental and orthopedic implants due to its natural ability to integrate into bone, but cytotoxic alloying elements are required in titanium for its mechanical properties to match the functionality of natural bone in high-load bearing applications. Recent advances in nanostructuring, such as Continuous Equal Channel Angular Pressing (C-ECAP), reduce the grain size and increase the strength of pure grades of titanium, thereby eliminating the need for cytotoxic elements and increasing cytocompatibilty as measured by traditional cell biology techniques. Transcriptomic profiling of cells grown on conventional coarse grain (CG) versus nanostructured ultrafine grain (UG) surfaces can simultaneously enhance our understanding of genomics and biomaterials, facilitating the development of a new generation of implantable materials. Objective: We initiated this pilot project to develop a workflow for transcriptional profiling of both protein coding and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cells grown on Ti discs that are characterized for grain size, 12.1 μm for CG Ti and 0.28 μm for UG Ti. Methods: Two Ti substrates were designed for cell growth in 24-well culture dishes, CG and UG. Mouse pre-osteoblasts were cultured on Ti disc for 72 hours. Cells were harvested and total-RNA extracted. Ribosomal RNA subtraction was performed prior to Illumina sequencing library construction. Single-end 50 base pairs reads were subjected to Illumina quality control and the resulting reads were mapped to the mouse genome and annotations with Genomic Short-read Nucleotide Alignment Program (GSNAP) and HTseq-count. Read count files were normalized and statistically analyzed with empirical analysis of digital gene expression data in R (EdgeR) and filtered for low expression levels using Zipf’s Power Law. Transcripts with adequate coverage and significant expression differences were subjected to GO Biological Process term enrichment and network analyses with the Cytoscape App ClueGO. Results: Gene expression differences with an FDR≤0.05 are limited to six genes, five of which are likely ncRNAs. Of the 432 transcripts with significant differences at p≤0.05 117 form an interconnected network of genes and 12 GO biological processes (P(adj) ≤ 0.05). Biological processes that connect to predominately upregulated genes include cell division, mRNA metabolic processes, chromatin modification and protein localization to the cytoskeleton, while downregulated processes include regulation of apoptosis, of p38MAK cascade, and response to molecules of bacterial origin. Conclusions: After 72 hours, the transcriptional profile of cells on UG Ti confirms more rapid cell division than on CG. These results demonstrate that informative transcriptional profiling of cells growing on substrates that differ only in their crystallographic structure can be accomplished by a workflow that includes standard cell biology techniques, transcriptomic profiling, data mining, and network analyses.

Dataset Information

Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels.

Publications

Nanostructured plasmonic metapixels.

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