Dataset Information

Temperature, energy metabolism, and adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies.

ABSTRACT: Comparisons of related species that have diverse spatial distributions provide an efficient way to investigate adaptive evolution in face of increasing global warming. The oyster subjected to high environmental selections is a model species as sessile marine invertebrate. This study aimed to detect the adaptive divergence of energy metabolism in two oyster subspecies from the genus Crassostrea-C. gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata-which are broadly distributed along the northern and southern coasts of China, respectively. We examined the effects of acute thermal stress on energy metabolism in two oyster subspecies after being common gardened for one generation in identical conditions. Thermal responses were assessed by incorporating physiological, molecular, and genomic approaches. Southern oysters exhibited higher fluctuations in metabolic rate, activities of key energetic enzymes, and levels of thermally induced gene expression than northern oysters. For genes involved in energy metabolism, the former displayed higher basal levels of gene expression and a more pronounced downregulation of thermally induced expression, while the later exhibited lower basal levels and a less pronounced downregulation of gene expression. Contrary expression pattern was observed in oxidative stress gene. Besides, energy metabolic tradeoffs were detected in both subspecies. Furthermore, the genetic divergence of a nonsynonymous SNP (SOD-132) and five synonymous SNPs in other genes was identified and validated in these two subspecies, which possibly affects downstream functions and explains the aforementioned phenotypic variations. Our study demonstrates that differentiations in energy metabolism underlie the plasticity of adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies and suggest C. gigas angulata with moderate phenotypic plasticity has higher adaptive potential to cope with exacerbated global warming.

SUBMITTER: Li A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5574764 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Temperature, energy metabolism, and adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies.

Li Ao A Li Li L Song Kai K Wang Wei W Zhang Guofan G

Ecology and evolution 20170630 16

Comparisons of related species that have diverse spatial distributions provide an efficient way to investigate adaptive evolution in face of increasing global warming. The oyster subjected to high environmental selections is a model species as sessile marine invertebrate. This study aimed to detect the adaptive divergence of energy metabolism in two oyster subspecies from the genus Crassostrea-C. gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata-which are broadly distributed along the north ...[more]

PMID: 28861221

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Project description:Investigating the physiological mechanisms of closely related species that exhibit distinct geographic distributions and thermal niches is essential for understanding their thermal tolerance capacities and local adaptations in view of climate warming. The variations in upper thermal limits (LT50) under acute heat shock and cardiac activity, standard metabolic rate (SMR), anaerobic metabolite production and molecular responses (expression of molecular chaperones and glycolysis metabolism genes) under increasing temperatures in two oyster subspecies were studied. The populations of two oyster subspecies, Crassostrea gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata, exhibit different latitudinal distributions along the northern and southern coastlines of China, respectively, which experience different environmental conditions. The LT50 was significantly higher, by ∼1°C, in the southern than in the northern oysters. In both subspecies, temperature increases had powerful effects on heart rate, SMR and gene expression. The southern oysters had the highest Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures for heart rate (31.4 ± 0.17°C) and SMR (33.09°C), whereas the heart rate (28.86 ± 0.3°C) and SMR (29.22°C) of the northern oysters were lower. The same patterns were observed for the Q 10 coefficients. More thermal sensitivity was observed in the northern oysters than in their southern counterparts, as the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the northern oysters were expressed first and had a higher induction at a lower temperature than those of southern oysters. Furthermore, different expression patterns of energetic metabolism genes (HK, PK, and PEPCK) were observed. In the northern oysters, increasing anaerobic glycolysis genes (PEPCK) and end products (succinate) were found at 36-43°C, indicating a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and a lower aerobic scope compared with the southern oysters. These two subspecies experience different environmental conditions, and their physiological performances suggested species-specific thermal tolerance windows in which the southern oysters, with mild physiological flexibility, had a higher potential capability to withstand heat stress. Overall, our results indicate that comparing and unifying physiological and molecular mechanisms can provide a framework for understanding the likely effects of global warming on marine ectotherms in intertidal regions.

Dataset Information

Temperature, energy metabolism, and adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies.

Publications

Temperature, energy metabolism, and adaptive divergence in two oyster subspecies.

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