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Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ?17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion.

ABSTRACT: Glacial-state greenhouse gas concentrations and Southern Hemisphere climate conditions persisted until ?17.7 ka, when a nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation was recorded in paleoclimate proxies in large parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with many changes ascribed to a sudden poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and subsequent climate impacts. We used high-resolution chemical measurements in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Byrd, and other ice cores to document a unique, ?192-y series of halogen-rich volcanic eruptions exactly at the start of accelerated deglaciation, with tephra identifying the nearby Mount Takahe volcano as the source. Extensive fallout from these massive eruptions has been found >2,800 km from Mount Takahe. Sulfur isotope anomalies and marked decreases in ice core bromine consistent with increased surface UV radiation indicate that the eruptions led to stratospheric ozone depletion. Rather than a highly improbable coincidence, circulation and climate changes extending from the Antarctic Peninsula to the subtropics-similar to those associated with modern stratospheric ozone depletion over Antarctica-plausibly link the Mount Takahe eruptions to the onset of accelerated Southern Hemisphere deglaciation ?17.7 ka.

SUBMITTER: McConnell JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5617275 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ∼17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion.

McConnell Joseph R JR Burke Andrea A Dunbar Nelia W NW Köhler Peter P Thomas Jennie L JL Arienzo Monica M MM Chellman Nathan J NJ Maselli Olivia J OJ Sigl Michael M Adkins Jess F JF Baggenstos Daniel D Burkhart John F JF Brook Edward J EJ Buizert Christo C Cole-Dai Jihong J Fudge T J TJ Knorr Gregor G Graf Hans-F HF Grieman Mackenzie M MM Iverson Nels N McGwire Kenneth C KC Mulvaney Robert R Paris Guillaume G Rhodes Rachael H RH Saltzman Eric S ES Severinghaus Jeffrey P JP Steffensen Jørgen Peder JP Taylor Kendrick C KC Winckler Gisela G

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20170905 38

Glacial-state greenhouse gas concentrations and Southern Hemisphere climate conditions persisted until ∼17.7 ka, when a nearly synchronous acceleration in deglaciation was recorded in paleoclimate proxies in large parts of the Southern Hemisphere, with many changes ascribed to a sudden poleward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies and subsequent climate impacts. We used high-resolution chemical measurements in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Byrd, and other ice cores to document a un ...[more]

PMID: 28874529

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Project description:In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from a subset of the limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980s. The primary SWOOSH products are zonal-mean monthly-mean time series of water vapor and ozone mixing ratio on pressure levels (12 levels per decade from 316 to 1 hPa). The SWOOSH pressure level products are provided on several independent zonal-mean grids (2.5, 5, and 10°), and additional products include two coarse 3-D griddings (30° long × 10° lat, 20° × 5°) as well as a zonal-mean isentropic product. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a "reference" satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous (i.e., with minimal artificial jumps in time) and accurate (i.e., unbiased). This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal timescales. The version 2.5 SWOOSH data are publicly available at doi:10.7289/V5TD9VBX.

Dataset Information

Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ?17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion.

Publications

Synchronous volcanic eruptions and abrupt climate change ∼17.7 ka plausibly linked by stratospheric ozone depletion.

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