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Lymphopenic Community Acquired Pneumonia (L-CAP), an Immunological Phenotype Associated with Higher Risk of Mortality.

ABSTRACT: The role of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in blood as prognosis predictors in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) has not been adequately studied. This was a derivation-validation retrospective study in hospitalized patients with CAP and no prior immunosuppression. We evaluated by multivariate analysis the association between neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and mortality risk at 30-days post hospital admission in these patients. The derivation cohort (n=1550 patients) was recruited in a multi-site study. The validation cohort (n=2846 patients) was recruited in a single-site study. In the derivation cohort, a sub-group of lymphopenic patients, those with <724lymphocytes/mm3, showed a 1.93-fold increment in the risk of mortality, independently of the CURB-65 score, critical illness, and receiving an appropriate antibiotic treatment. In the validation cohort, patients with <724lymphocytes/mm3 showed a 1.86-fold increment in the risk of mortality. The addition of 1 point to the CURB-65 score in those patients with <724lymphocytes/mm3 improved the performance of this score to identify non-survivors in both cohorts. In conclusion, lymphopenic CAP constitutes a particular immunological phenotype of the disease which is associated with an increased risk of mortality. Assessing lymphocyte counts could contribute to personalized clinical management in CAP.

SUBMITTER: Bermejo-Martin JF

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5652132 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lymphopenic Community Acquired Pneumonia (L-CAP), an Immunological Phenotype Associated with Higher Risk of Mortality.

Bermejo-Martin Jesus F JF Cilloniz Catia C Mendez Raul R Almansa Raquel R Gabarrus Albert A Ceccato Adrian A Torres Antoni A Menendez Rosario R

EBioMedicine 20170921

The role of neutrophil and lymphocyte counts in blood as prognosis predictors in Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) has not been adequately studied. This was a derivation-validation retrospective study in hospitalized patients with CAP and no prior immunosuppression. We evaluated by multivariate analysis the association between neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and mortality risk at 30-days post hospital admission in these patients. The derivation cohort (n=1550 patients) was recruited in a multi ...[more]

PMID: 28958655

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Project description:BackgroundSome forms of pharmacotherapy are shown to increase the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The purpose of this study is to investigate whether pharmacotherapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPI), inhaled corticosteroids, and atypical antipsychotics was associated with the increased risk for CAP in hospitalized older adults with the adjustment of known risk factors (such as smoking status and serum albumin levels).MethodsA retrospective case-control study of adults aged 65 years or older at a rural community hospital during 2004 and 2006 was conducted. Cases (N = 194) were those with radiographic evidence of pneumonia on admission. The controls were patients without the discharge diagnosis of pneumonia or acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (N = 952). Patients with gastric tube feeding, ventilator support, requiring hemodialysis, metastatic diseases or active lung cancers were excluded.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the current use of inhaled corticosteroids (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56-5.35) and atypical antipsychotics (AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.23-4.15) was an independent risk factor for CAP after adjusting for confounders, including age, serum albumin levels, sex, smoking status, a history of congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and COPD, the current use of PPI, beta2 agonist and anticholinergic bronchodilators, antibiotic(s), iron supplement, narcotics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The crude OR and the AOR of PPI use for CAP was 1.41 [95% CI = 1.03 - 1.93] and 1.18 [95% CI = 0.80 - 1.74] after adjusting for the above confounders, respectively. Lower serum albumin levels independently increased the risk of CAP 1.89- fold by decreasing a gram per deciliter (AOR = 2.89, 95% CI = 2.01 - 4.16).ConclusionOur study reaffirmed that the use of inhaled corticosteroids and atypical antipsychotics was both associated with an increased risk for CAP in hospitalized older adults of a rural community. No association was found between current PPI use and the risk for CAP in this patient population of our study.

Dataset Information

Lymphopenic Community Acquired Pneumonia (L-CAP), an Immunological Phenotype Associated with Higher Risk of Mortality.

Publications

Lymphopenic Community Acquired Pneumonia (L-CAP), an Immunological Phenotype Associated with Higher Risk of Mortality.

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