Dataset Information

Immunological and Clinical Effect of Diet Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study.

ABSTRACT: Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), has been linked to an alteration of the resident microbial commensal community and of the interplay between the microbiota and the immune system. Dietary components such as fiber, acting on microbiota composition, could, in principle, result in immune modulation and, thus, could be used to obtain beneficial outcomes for patients. We verified this hypothesis in a pilot study involving two groups of clinically similar relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients who had undergone either a high-vegetable/low-protein diet (HV/LP diet group; N?=?10) or a "Western Diet" (WD group; N?=?10) for at least 12?months. Gut microbiota composition, analyzed by 16?S V4 rRNA gene sequencing and immunological profiles, was examined after a minimum of 12?months of diet. Results showed that, in the HV/LP diet group compared to the WD group: (1) Lachnospiraceae family was significantly more abundant; (2) IL-17-producing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.04) and PD-1 expressing T CD4+ lymphocytes (p?=?0.0004) were significantly decreased; and (3) PD-L1 expressing monocytes (p?=?0.009) were significantly increased. In the HV/LP diet group, positive correlations between Lachnospiraceae and both CD14+/IL-10+ and CD14+/TGF?+monocytes (RSp?=?0.707, p?=?0.05, and RSp?=?0.73, p?=?0.04, respectively), as well as between Lachnospiraceae and CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+ T lymphocytes (RSp?=?0.68, p?=?0.02) were observed. Evaluation of clinical parameters showed that in the HV/LP diet group alone the relapse rate during the 12?months follow-up period and the Expanded Disability Status Scale score at the end of the study period were significantly reduced. Diet modulates dysbiosis and improves clinical parameters in MS patients by increasing anti-inflammatory circuits. Because Lachnospiraceae favor Treg differentiation as well as TGF? and IL-10 production this effect could be associated with an increase of these bacteria in the microbiota.

SUBMITTER: Saresella M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5661395 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Immunological and Clinical Effect of Diet Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study.

Saresella Marina M Mendozzi Laura L Rossi Valentina V Mazzali Franca F Piancone Federica F LaRosa Francesca F Marventano Ivana I Caputo Domenico D Felis Giovanna E GE Clerici Mario M

Frontiers in immunology 20171025

Pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), has been linked to an alteration of the resident microbial commensal community and of the interplay between the microbiota and the immune system. Dietary components such as fiber, acting on microbiota composition, could, in principle, result in immune modulation and, thus, could be used to obtain beneficial outcomes for patients. We verified this hypothesis in a pilot study involving two groups of clinically similar relapsi ...[more]

PMID: 29118761

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a heterogenous, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Microbiota alterations in MS versus healthy controls (HC) are observed, but results are inconsistent. We studied diversity, enterotypes, and specific gut microbial taxa variation between MS and HC, and between MS subgroups. METHODS:Amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA V4 region (Illumina MiSeq) was used to evaluate alpha and beta diversity, enterotypes, and relative taxa abundances on stool samples. MS subgroups were based on phenotype, disease course modifiers, and treatment status. Results were controlled for recently identified confounders of microbiota composition. RESULTS:Ninety-eight MS patients and 120 HC were included. Microbial richness was lower in interferon-treated (RRMS_I, N = 24) and untreated relapsing-remitting MS during relapse (RRMS_R, N = 4) when compared to benign (BMS, N = 20; Z = -3.07, Pcorr = 0.032 and Z = -2.68, Pcorr = 0.055) and primary progressive MS (PPMS, N = 26; Z = -2.39, Pcorr = 0.062 and Z = -2.26, Pcorr = 0.071). HC (N = 120) and active untreated MS (RRMS_U, N = 24) showed intermediate microbial richness. Enterotypes were associated with clinical subgroups (N = 218, ?2 = 36.10, P = 0.002), with Bacteroides 2 enterotype being more prevalent in RRMS_I. Butyricicoccus abundance was lower in PPMS than in RRMS_U (Z = -3.00, Pcorr = 0.014) and BMS (Z = -2.56, Pcorr = 0.031), lower in RRMS_I than in BMS (Z = -2.50, Pcorr = 0.034) and RRMS_U (Z = -2.91, Pcorr = 0.013), and inversely correlated with self-reported physical symptoms (rho = -0.400, Pcorr = 0.001) and disease severity (rho = -0.223, P = 0.027). INTERPRETATION:These results emphasize the importance of phenotypic subcategorization in MS-microbiome research, possibly explaining previous result heterogeneity, while showing the potential for specific microbiome-based biomarkers for disease activity and severity.

Dataset Information

Immunological and Clinical Effect of Diet Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study.

Publications

Immunological and Clinical Effect of Diet Modulation of the Gut Microbiome in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study.

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