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A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth.

ABSTRACT: To uncover the role of Vps34, the sole class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we created a mouse model with Vps34 deletion in the MK/platelet lineage (Pf4-Cre/Vps34^lox/lox). Deletion of Vps34 in MKs led to the loss of its regulator protein, Vps15, and was associated with microthrombocytopenia and platelet granule abnormalities. Although Vps34 deficiency did not affect MK polyploidisation or proplatelet formation, it dampened MK granule biogenesis and directional migration toward an SDF1? gradient, leading to ectopic platelet release within the bone marrow. In MKs, the level of phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) was significantly reduced by Vps34 deletion, resulting in endocytic/trafficking defects. In platelets, the basal level of PI3P was only slightly affected by Vps34 loss, whereas the stimulation-dependent pool of PI3P was significantly decreased. Accordingly, a significant increase in the specific activity of Vps34 lipid kinase was observed after acute platelet stimulation. Similar to Vps34-deficient platelets, ex vivo treatment of wild-type mouse or human platelets with the Vps34-specific inhibitors, SAR405 and VPS34-IN1, induced abnormal secretion and affected thrombus growth at arterial shear rate, indicating a role for Vps34 kinase activity in platelet activation, independent from its role in MKs. In vivo, Vps34 deficiency had no impact on tail bleeding time, but significantly reduced platelet prothrombotic capacity after carotid injury. This study uncovers a dual role for Vps34 as a regulator of platelet production by MKs and as an unexpected regulator of platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation dynamics.

SUBMITTER: Valet C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5669208 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth.

Valet Colin C Levade Marie M Chicanne Gaëtan G Bilanges Benoit B Cabou Cendrine C Viaud Julien J Gratacap Marie-Pierre MP Gaits-Iacovoni Frédérique F Vanhaesebroeck Bart B Payrastre Bernard B Severin Sonia S

Blood 20170913 18

To uncover the role of Vps34, the sole class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), in megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets, we created a mouse model with Vps34 deletion in the MK/platelet lineage (<i>Pf4</i>-Cre/Vps34<sup>lox/lox</sup>). Deletion of Vps34 in MKs led to the loss of its regulator protein, Vps15, and was associated with microthrombocytopenia and platelet granule abnormalities. Although Vps34 deficiency did not affect MK polyploidisation or proplatelet formation, it dampened MK granul ...[more]

PMID: 28903944

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Project description:VPS34 complex II (VPS34CII) is a 386-kDa assembly of the lipid kinase subunit VPS34 and three regulatory subunits that altogether function as a prototypical class III phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K). When the active VPS34CII complex is docked to the cytoplasmic surface of endosomal membranes, it phosphorylates its substrate lipid (phosphatidylinositol, PI) to generate the essential signaling lipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P). In turn, PI3P recruits an array of signaling proteins containing PI3P-specific targeting domains (including FYVE, PX, and PROPPINS) to the membrane surface, where they initiate key cell processes. In endocytosis and early endosome development, net VPS34CII-catalyzed PI3P production is greatly amplified by Rab5A, a small G protein of the Ras GTPase superfamily. Moreover, VPS34CII and Rab5A are each strongly linked to multiple human diseases. Thus, a molecular understanding of the mechanism by which Rab5A activates lipid kinase activity will have broad impacts in both signaling biology and medicine. Two general mechanistic models have been proposed for small G protein activation of PI3K lipid kinases. 1) In the membrane recruitment mechanism, G protein association increases the density of active kinase on the membrane. And 2) in the allosteric activation mechanism, G protein allosterically triggers an increase in the specific activity (turnover rate) of the membrane-bound kinase molecule. This study employs an in vitro single-molecule approach to elucidate the mechanism of GTP-Rab5A-associated VPS34CII kinase activation in a reconstituted GTP-Rab5A-VPS34CII-PI3P-PX signaling pathway on a target membrane surface. The findings reveal that both membrane recruitment and allosteric mechanisms make important contributions to the large increase in VPS34CII kinase activity and PI3P production triggered by membrane-anchored GTP-Rab5A. Notably, under near-physiological conditions in the absence of other activators, membrane-anchored GTP-Rab5A provides strong, virtually binary on-off switching and is required for VPS34CII membrane binding and PI3P production.

Project description:Background: The production of thyroid hormones [triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4)] depends on the organization of the thyroid in follicles, which are lined by a monolayer of thyrocytes with strict apicobasal polarity. This polarization supports vectorial transport of thyroglobulin (Tg) for storage into, and recapture from, the colloid. It also allows selective addressing of channels, transporters, ion pumps, and enzymes to their appropriate basolateral [Na+/I- symporter (NIS), SLC26A7, and Na+/K+-ATPase] or apical membrane domain (anoctamin, SLC26A4, DUOX2, DUOXA2, and thyroperoxidase). How these actors of T3/T4 synthesis reach their final destination remains poorly understood. The PI 3-kinase isoform Vps34/PIK3C3 is now recognized as a main component in the general control of vesicular trafficking and of cell homeostasis through the regulation of endosomal trafficking and autophagy. We recently reported that conditional Vps34 inactivation in proximal tubular cells in the kidney prevents normal addressing of apical membrane proteins and causes abortive macroautophagy. Methods: Vps34 was inactivated using a Pax8-driven Cre recombinase system. The impact of Vps34 inactivation in thyrocytes was analyzed by histological, immunolocalization, and messenger RNA expression profiling. Thyroid hormone synthesis was assayed by 125I injection and plasma analysis. Results: Vps34 conditional knockout (Vps34cKO) mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and showed normal growth until postnatal day 14 (P14), then stopped growing and died at ?1 month of age. We therefore analyzed thyroid Vps34cKO at P14. We found that loss of Vps34 in thyrocytes causes (i) disorganization of thyroid parenchyma, with abnormal thyrocyte and follicular shape and reduced PAS+ colloidal spaces; (ii) severe noncompensated hypothyroidism with extremely low T4 levels (0.75?±?0.62??g/dL) and huge thyrotropin plasma levels (19,300?±?10,500?mU/L); (iii) impaired 125I organification at comparable uptake and frequent occurrence of follicles with luminal Tg but nondetectable T4-bearing Tg; (iv) intense signal in thyrocytes for the lysosomal membrane marker, LAMP-1, as well as Tg and the autophagy marker, p62, indicating defective lysosomal proteolysis; and (v) presence of macrophages in the colloidal space. Conclusions: We conclude that Vps34 is crucial for thyroid hormonogenesis, at least by controlling epithelial organization, Tg iodination as well as proteolytic T3/T4 excision in lysosomes.

Project description:Psm2, one of the pyrrolidinoindoline alkaloids isolated from whole Selaginella moellendorffii plants, has shown a potent antiplatelet activity. In this study, we further evaluated the antiplatelet effects of Psm2, and elucidated the underlying mechanisms.Human platelet aggregation in vitro and rat platelet aggregation ex vivo were investigated. Agonist-induced platelet aggregation was measured using a light transmission aggregometer. The antithrombotic effects of Psm2 were evaluated in arteriovenous shunt thrombosis model in rats. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antiplatelet activity of Psm2, ELISAs, Western blotting and molecular docking were performed. The bleeding risk of Psm2 administration was assessed in a mouse tail cutting model, and the cytotoxicity of Psm2 was measured with MTT assay in EA.hy926 cells.Psm2 dose-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by ADP, U4619, thrombin and collagen with IC50 values of 0.64, 0.37, 0.35 and 0.87 mg/mL, respectively. Psm2 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) administered to rats significantly inhibited platelet aggregation ex vivo induced by ADP. Psm2 (1, 3, 10 mg/mL, iv) administered to rats with the A-V shunt dose-dependently decreased the thrombus formation. Psm2 inhibited platelet adhesion to fibrinogen and collagen with IC50 values of 84.5 and 96.5 mg/mL, respectively, but did not affect the binding of fibrinogen to GPIIb/IIIa. Furthermore, Psm2 inhibited AktSer473 phosphorylation, but did not affect MAPK signaling and Src kinase activation. Molecular docking showed that Psm2 bound to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ? (PI3K?) with a binding free energy of -13.265 kcal/mol. In addition, Psm2 did not cause toxicity in EA.hy926 cells and produced only slight bleeding in a mouse tail cutting model.Psm2 inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation by affecting PI3K/Akt signaling. Psm2 may be a lead compound or drug candidate that could be developed for the prevention or treatment of thrombotic diseases.

Dataset Information

A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth.

Publications

A dual role for the class III PI3K, Vps34, in platelet production and thrombus growth.

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