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Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms.

ABSTRACT: Molecular phylogenetic analyses place Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow and all Toxariids among the bi- and multipolar centric diatoms, almost always recovered as a derived lineage sister to Lampriscus. In all centrics where sexual reproduction has been documented, oogamy, with larger immobile eggs and smaller flagellated sperm has been observed. We were able to initiate both homothallic and heterothallic reproduction in A. crystallina. The heterothallic reproduction turned out to be non-oogamous; gametes were more or less equal in size but no flagellated cells were detected. At the same time, two mating types ("male" and "female") were recognized by the distinct morphology and behaviour of the gametes. While no flagella were observed, periodically thin cytoplasmic projections arose on the surface of the "male" gametes. These projections similar to those found in some pennate diatoms facilitated contact with the "female" cells. In each gametangial cell, regardless of the mating type, only one gamete was formed. Thus, the Toxariids may represent a unique evolutionary group, at least in respect to their reproductive biology. The hypothesis discussed is that non-oogamous mode of reproduction could have evolved in Ardissonea (and possibly in other Toxariids) independently of the pennate lineage of diatoms.

SUBMITTER: Davidovich NA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5676960 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms.

Davidovich Nickolai A NA Davidovich Olga I OI Podunay Yulia A YA Gastineau Romain R Kaczmarska Irena I Poulíčková Aloisie A Witkowski Andrzej A

Scientific reports 20171107 1

Molecular phylogenetic analyses place Ardissonea crystallina (C. Agardh) Grunow and all Toxariids among the bi- and multipolar centric diatoms, almost always recovered as a derived lineage sister to Lampriscus. In all centrics where sexual reproduction has been documented, oogamy, with larger immobile eggs and smaller flagellated sperm has been observed. We were able to initiate both homothallic and heterothallic reproduction in A. crystallina. The heterothallic reproduction turned out to be non ...[more]

PMID: 29116153

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Project description:Meiotic recombination of sex chromosomes is thought to be repressed in organisms with heterogametic sex determination (e.g. mammalian X/Y chromosomes), due to extensive divergence and chromosomal rearrangements between the two chromosomes. However, proper segregation of sex chromosomes during meiosis requires crossing-over occurring within the pseudoautosomal regions (PAR). Recent studies reveal that recombination, in the form of gene conversion, is widely distributed within and may have played important roles in the evolution of some chromosomal regions within which recombination was thought to be repressed, such as the centromere cores of maize. Cryptococcus neoformans, a major human pathogenic fungus, has an unusually large mating-type locus (MAT, >100 kb), and the MAT alleles from the two opposite mating-types show extensive nucleotide sequence divergence and chromosomal rearrangements, mirroring characteristics of sex chromosomes. Meiotic recombination was assumed to be repressed within the C. neoformans MAT locus. A previous study identified recombination hot spots flanking the C. neoformans MAT, and these hot spots are associated with high GC content. Here, we investigated a GC-rich intergenic region located within the MAT locus of C. neoformans to establish if this region also exhibits unique recombination behavior during meiosis. Population genetics analysis of natural C. neoformans isolates revealed signals of homogenization spanning this GC-rich intergenic region within different C. neoformans lineages, consistent with a model in which gene conversion of this region during meiosis prevents it from diversifying within each lineage. By analyzing meiotic progeny from laboratory crosses, we found that meiotic recombination (gene conversion) occurs around the GC-rich intergenic region at a frequency equal to or greater than the meiotic recombination frequency observed in other genomic regions. We discuss the implications of these findings with regards to the possible functional and evolutionary importance of gene conversion within the C. neoformans MAT locus and, more generally, in fungi.

Dataset Information

Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms.

Publications

Ardissonea crystallina has a type of sexual reproduction that is unusual for centric diatoms.

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