Dataset Information

Percentage depth dose calculation accuracy of model based algorithms in high energy photon small fields through heterogeneous media and comparison with plastic scintillator dosimetry.

ABSTRACT: Small fields smaller than 4 × 4 cm2 are used in stereotactic and conformal treatments where heterogeneity is normally present. Since dose calculation accuracy in both small fields and heterogeneity often involves more discrepancy, algorithms used by treatment planning systems (TPS) should be evaluated for achieving better treatment results. This report aims at evaluating accuracy of four model-based algorithms, X-ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) from Monaco, Superposition (SP) from CMS-Xio, AcurosXB (AXB) and analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) from Eclipse are tested against the measurement. Measurements are done using Exradin W1 plastic scintillator in Solid Water phantom with heterogeneities like air, lung, bone, and aluminum, irradiated with 6 and 15 MV photons of square field size ranging from 1 to 4 cm2. Each heterogeneity is introduced individually at two different depths from depth-of-dose maximum (Dmax), one setup being nearer and another farther from the Dmax. The central axis percentage depth-dose (CADD) curve for each setup is measured separately and compared with the TPS algorithm calculated for the same setup. The percentage normalized root mean squared deviation (%NRMSD) is calculated, which represents the whole CADD curve's deviation against the measured. It is found that for air and lung heterogeneity, for both 6 and 15 MV, all algorithms show maximum deviation for field size 1 × 1 cm2 and gradually reduce when field size increases, except for AAA. For aluminum and bone, all algorithms' deviations are less for 15 MV irrespective of setup. In all heterogeneity setups, 1 × 1 cm2 field showed maximum deviation, except in 6MV bone setup. All algorithms in the study, irrespective of energy and field size, when any heterogeneity is nearer to Dmax, the dose deviation is higher compared to the same heterogeneity far from the Dmax. Also, all algorithms show maximum deviation in lower-density materials compared to high-density materials.

SUBMITTER: Alagar AG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5690200 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Percentage depth dose calculation accuracy of model based algorithms in high energy photon small fields through heterogeneous media and comparison with plastic scintillator dosimetry.

Alagar Ananda Giri Babu AG Mani Ganesh Kadirampatti GK Karunakaran Kaviarasu K

Journal of applied clinical medical physics 20160108 1

Small fields smaller than 4 × 4 cm2 are used in stereotactic and conformal treatments where heterogeneity is normally present. Since dose calculation accuracy in both small fields and heterogeneity often involves more discrepancy, algorithms used by treatment planning systems (TPS) should be evaluated for achieving better treatment results. This report aims at evaluating accuracy of four model-based algorithms, X-ray Voxel Monte Carlo (XVMC) from Monaco, Superposition (SP) from CMS-Xio, AcurosXB ...[more]

PMID: 26894345

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Project description:Although there are many works on evaluating dose calculations of the anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) using various homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms, related work concerning dosimetry due to tangential photon beam is lacking. In this study, dosimetry predicted by the AAA and collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithm was evaluated using the tangential photon beam and phantom geometry. The photon beams of 6 and 15 MV with field sizes of 4 × 4 (or 7 × 7), 10 × 10 and 20 × 20 cm², produced by a Varian 21 EX linear accelerator, were used to test performances of the AAA and CCC using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation (EGSnrc-based code) as a benchmark. Horizontal dose profiles at different depths, phantom skin profiles (i.e., vertical dose profiles at a distance of 2 mm from the phantom lateral surface), gamma dose distributions, and dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of skin slab were determined. For dose profiles at different depths, the CCC agreed better with doses in the air-phantom region, while both the AAA and CCC agreed well with doses in the penumbra region, when compared to the MC. Gamma evaluations between the AAA/CCC and MC showed that deviations of 2D dose distribution occurred in both beam edges in the phantom and air-phantom interface. Moreover, the gamma dose deviation is less significant in the air-phantom interface than the penumbra. DVHs of skin slab showed that both the AAA and CCC underestimated the width of the dose drop-off region for both the 6 and 15 MV photon beams. When the gantry angle was 0°, it was found that both the AAA and CCC overestimated doses in the phantom skin profiles compared to the MC, with various photon beam energies and field sizes. The mean dose differences with doses normalized to the prescription point for the AAA and CCC were respectively: 7.6% ± 2.6% and 2.1% ± 1.3% for a 10 × 10 cm2 field, 6 MV; 16.3%± 2.1% and 6.7% ± 2.1% for a 20 × 20 cm2 field, 6 MV; 5.5% ± 1.2% and 1.7% ± 1.4% for a 10 × 10 cm2, 15 MV; 18.0% ± 1.3% and 8.3% ± 1.8% for a 20 × 20 cm², 15 MV. However, underestimations of doses in the phantom skin profile were found with small fields of 4 × 4 and 7 × 7 cm² for the 6 and 15 MV photon beams, respectively, when the gantry was turned 5° anticlockwise. As surface dose with tangential photon beam geometry is important in some radiation treatment sites such as breast, chest wall and sarcoma, it is found that neither of the treatment planning system algorithms can predict the dose well at depths shallower than 2 mm. The dosimetry data and beam and phantom geometry in this study provide a better knowledge of a dose calculation algorithm in tangential-like irradiation.

Project description:PurposeThe goal of this work is to produce a surface-dosimetry method capable of accurately and remotely measuring skin dose for patients undergoing total skin electron therapy (TSET) without the need for postexposure dosimeter processing. A rapid and wireless surface-dosimetry system was developed to improve clinical workflow. Scintillator-surface dosimetry was conducted on patients undergoing TSET by imaging scintillator targets with an intensified camera during TSET delivery.Methods and materialsDisc-shaped scintillator targets were attached to the skin surface of patients undergoing TSET and imaged with an intensified, time-gated, and linear accelerator-synchronized camera. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs) were placed directly adjacent to scintillators at several dosimetry sites to serve as an absolute dose reference. Real-time image-processing methods were used to produce background-subtracted intensity maps of Cherenkov and scintillation emission. Rapid conversion of scintillator-light output to dose was achieved by using a custom fitting algorithm and calibration factor. Surface doses measured by scintillators were compared with those from OSLDs.ResultsAbsolute surface-dose measurements for 99 dosimetry sites were evaluated. According to paired OSLD estimates, scintillator dosimeters were able to report dose with <3% difference in 88 of 99 observed dosimetry sites and <5% difference in 98 of 99 observed dosimetry sites. Fitting a linear regression to dose data reported by scintillator versus OSLD, per dosimetry site, yielded an R2 = 0.94.ConclusionsScintillators were able to report dose within <3% accuracy of OSLDs. Imaging of calibrated scintillator targets via an intensified, linear accelerator-synchronized camera provides rapid absolute surface-dosimetry measurements for patients treated with TSET. This technique has the potential to reduce the amount of time and effort necessary to conduct full-body dosimetry and can be adopted for use in any surface-dosimetry setting where the region of interest is observable throughout treatment.

Dataset Information

Percentage depth dose calculation accuracy of model based algorithms in high energy photon small fields through heterogeneous media and comparison with plastic scintillator dosimetry.

Publications

Percentage depth dose calculation accuracy of model based algorithms in high energy photon small fields through heterogeneous media and comparison with plastic scintillator dosimetry.

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