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Progressive white matter atrophy with altered lipid profiles is partially reversed by short-term abstinence in an experimental model of alcohol-related neurodegeneration.

ABSTRACT: Chronic ethanol exposure causes white matter (WM) atrophy and degeneration with major impairments in the structural integrity of myelin. Since myelin is composed of oligodendrocyte lipid-rich membranes, understanding the consequences and reversibility of alcohol-related oligodendrocyte dysfunction in relation to myelin structure could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of WM degeneration and potential strategies for treatment. Adult male Long Evans rats were pair-fed with isocaloric liquid diets containing 0% or 26% ethanol (caloric) for 3 or 8 weeks. During the last 2 weeks of feeding, the ethanol groups were binged with 2 g/kg of ethanol by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays; controls were treated with i.p. saline. For recovery effects, at the 6-week time point, ethanol exposures were tapered over 2 days, and then discontinued, rendering the rats ethanol-free for 12 days. Anterior corpus callosum WM lipid ion profiles were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) and correlated with histopathology. Ethanol exposures caused progressive atrophy and reductions in myelin staining intensity within the corpus callosum, whereas short-term recovery partially reversed those effects. MALDI-IMS demonstrated striking ethanol-associated alterations in WM lipid profiles characterized by reduced levels of phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sulfatides, and partial "normalization" of lipid expression with recovery. Ethanol exposure duration and recovery responses were further distinguished by heatmap hierarchical dendrogram and PCA plots. In conclusion, chronic+binge ethanol exposures caused progressive, partially reversible WM atrophy with myelin loss associated with reduced expression of WM phospholipids and sulfatides. The extent of WM lipid abnormalities suggests that ethanol broadly impairs molecular and biochemical functions regulating myelin synthesis, degradation, and maintenance in oligodendrocytes.

SUBMITTER: Yalcin EB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5698851 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Progressive white matter atrophy with altered lipid profiles is partially reversed by short-term abstinence in an experimental model of alcohol-related neurodegeneration.

Yalcin Emine B EB McLean Tory T Tong Ming M de la Monte Suzanne M SM

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) 20170915

Chronic ethanol exposure causes white matter (WM) atrophy and degeneration with major impairments in the structural integrity of myelin. Since myelin is composed of oligodendrocyte lipid-rich membranes, understanding the consequences and reversibility of alcohol-related oligodendrocyte dysfunction in relation to myelin structure could provide new insights into the pathogenesis of WM degeneration and potential strategies for treatment. Adult male Long Evans rats were pair-fed with isocaloric liqu ...[more]

PMID: 29084630

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Project description:ImportanceAlthough the detrimental effects of alcohol on the brain are widely acknowledged, observed structural changes are highly heterogeneous, and diagnostic markers for characterizing alcohol-induced brain damage, especially in early abstinence, are lacking. This heterogeneity, likely contributed to by comorbidity factors in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD), challenges a direct link of brain alterations to the pathophysiology of alcohol misuse. Translational studies in animal models may help bridge this causal gap.ObjectiveTo compare microstructural properties extracted using advanced diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the brains of patients with AUD and a well-controlled rat model of excessive alcohol consumption and monitor the progression of these properties during early abstinence.Design, setting, and participantsThis prospective observational study included 2 cohorts of hospitalized patients with AUD (n = 91) and Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring (msP) rats (n = 27). In humans cross-sectional comparison were performed with control participants (healthy men [n = 36]) and longitudinal comparisons between different points after alcohol withdrawal. In rats, longitudinal comparisons were performed in alcohol-exposed (n = 27) and alcohol-naive msP rats (n = 9). Human data were collected from March 7, 2013, to August 3, 2016, and analyzed from June 14, 2017, to May 31, 2018; rat data were collected from January 15, 2017, to May 12, 2017, and analyzed from October 11, 2017, to May 28, 2018.Main outcomes and measuresFractional anisotropy and other DTI measures of white matter properties after long-term alcohol exposure and during early abstinence in both species and clinical and demographic variables and time of abstinence after discharge from hospital in patients.ResultsThe analysis included 91 men with AUD (mean [SD] age, 46.1 [9.6] years) and 27 male rats in the AUD groups and 36 male controls (mean [SD] age, 41.7 [9.3] years) and 9 male control rats. Comparable DTI alterations were found between alcohol and control groups in both species, with a preferential involvement of the corpus callosum (fractional anisotropy Cohen d = -0.84 [P < .01] corrected in humans and Cohen d = -1.17 [P < .001] corrected in rats) and the fornix/fimbria (fractional anisotropy Cohen d = -0.92 [P < .001] corrected in humans and d = -1.24 [P < .001] corrected in rats). Changes in DTI were associated with preadmission consumption patterns in patients and progress in humans and rats during 6 weeks of abstinence. Mathematical modeling shows this process to be compatible with a sustained demyelination and/or a glial reaction.Conclusions and relevanceUsing a translational DTI approach, comparable white matter alterations were found in patients with AUD and rats with long-term alcohol consumption. In humans and rats, a progression of DTI alterations into early abstinence (2-6 weeks) suggests an underlying process that evolves soon after cessation of alcohol use.

Project description:Alcohol dependence exacts a toll on brain white matter microstructure, which has the potential of repair with prolonged sobriety. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) enables in-vivo quantification of tissue constituents and localisation of tracts potentially affected in alcohol dependence and its recovery. We did an extended longitudinal study of alcoholism's trajectory of effect on selective fibre bundles with sustained sobriety or decline with relapse.Participants were drawn from a longitudinal, 1·5T DTI database of 841 scans of individuals with various medical or neuropsychiatric conditions and normal ageing. Participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence had to meet the criteria from DSM-IV for alcohol dependence. Controls were screened and free of any DSM-IV axis I diagnosis, including being without history of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) quantified white matter integrity throughout the brain in 47 alcohol-dependent individuals and 56 controls examined 2-5 times over 1-8 year intervals. We identified regions showing group differences with a white matter atlas. For macrostructural comparison, we measured corpus callosum and centrum semiovale volumes on MRI.This study took place in the USA, between June 23, 2000, and Sept 6, 2011. TBSS identified a large cluster (threshold p<0·001), where controls showed significant fractional anisotropy (FA) decrease with ageing and alcohol-dependent individuals had significantly lower FA than controls regardless of age. Over the examination interval, 27 (57%) alcohol-dependent individuals abstained, ten (21%) relapsed into light drinking, and ten (21%) relapsed into heavy drinking (>5 kg of alcohol/year). Despite abnormally low FA, age trajectories of the abstainers were positive and progressing toward normality, whereas those of the relapsers and controls were negative. Axial diffusivity (lower values indexing myelin integrity) was abnormally high in the total alcohol-dependent group; however, the abstainers' slopes paralleled those of controls, whereas the heavy-drinking relapsers' slopes showed accelerated ageing. Callosal genu and body microstructure but not macrostructure showed untoward alcohol-related effects. Affected projection and association tracts had an anterior and superior neuroanatomical distribution.Return to heavy drinking resulted in accelerating microstructural white matter damage. Despite evidence for damage, alcohol-dependent individuals maintaining sobriety over extended periods showed improvement in brain fibre tract integrity reflective of fibre reorganisation and myelin restoration, indicative of a neural mechanism explaining recovery.US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA012388, AA017168, AA005965, AA013521-INIA).

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Progressive white matter atrophy with altered lipid profiles is partially reversed by short-term abstinence in an experimental model of alcohol-related neurodegeneration.

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Progressive white matter atrophy with altered lipid profiles is partially reversed by short-term abstinence in an experimental model of alcohol-related neurodegeneration.

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