Dataset Information

Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Visual impairment (VI) in early childhood can significantly impair development.

Objective

To determine demographic and geographic variations in VI in children aged 3 to 5 years in the United States in 2015 and to estimate projected prevalence through 2060.

Design, setting, and participants

Descriptive study reporting statistics estimated based on prevalence data from 2 major population-based studies conducted in the United States between 2003 and 2011. Using US census projections, prevalence of VI and cause-specific VI in the better eye were reported by race/ethnicity, state and region, and per capita prevalence of VI by state. The study included preschool children in the United States. Analyses for this study were conducted between February 2016 and March 2017.

Main outcomes and measures

Prevalence of VI among children aged 3 to 5 years in the United States.

Results

In 2015, more than 174?000 children aged 3 to 5 years in the United States were visually impaired. Almost 121?000 of these cases (69%) arose from simple uncorrected refractive error, and 43?000 (25%) from bilateral amblyopia. By 2060, the number of children aged 3 to 5 years with VI is projected to increase by 26%. In 2015, Hispanic white children accounted for the highest number of VI cases (66?000); this group will remain the most affected through 2060, with an increasingly large proportion of cases (37.7% in 2015 and 43.6% in 2060). The racial/ethnic group with the second most VI is projected to shift from non-Hispanic white children (26.3% in 2015 decreasing to 16.5% in 2060) to African American children (24.5% in 2015 and 22.0% in 2060). From 2015 to 2060, the states projected to have the most children with VI are California (26?600 in 2015 and 38?000 in 2060), Texas (21?500 in 2015 and 29?100 in 2060), and Florida (10?900 in 2015 and 13?900 in 2060).

Conclusions and relevance

These data suggest that the number of preschool children with VI is projected to increase disproportionally, especially among minority populations. Vision screening for refractive error and related eye diseases may prevent a high proportion of preschool children from experiencing unnecessary VI and associated developmental delays.

SUBMITTER: Varma R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5710267 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060.

Varma Rohit R Tarczy-Hornoch Kristina K Jiang Xuejuan X

JAMA ophthalmology 20170601 6

<h4>Importance</h4>Visual impairment (VI) in early childhood can significantly impair development.<h4>Objective</h4>To determine demographic and geographic variations in VI in children aged 3 to 5 years in the United States in 2015 and to estimate projected prevalence through 2060.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>Descriptive study reporting statistics estimated based on prevalence data from 2 major population-based studies conducted in the United States between 2003 and 2011. Using US c ...[more]

PMID: 28472231

Similar Datasets

Project description:The number of individuals with visual impairment (VI) and blindness is increasing in the United States and around the globe as a result of shifting demographics and aging populations. Tracking the number and characteristics of individuals with VI and blindness is especially important given the negative effect of these conditions on physical and mental health.To determine the demographic and geographic variations in VI and blindness in adults in the US population in 2015 and to estimate the projected prevalence through 2050.In this population-based, cross-sectional study, data were pooled from adults 40 years and older from 6 major population-based studies on VI and blindness in the United States. Prevalence of VI and blindness were reported by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and per capita prevalence by state using the US Census projections (January 1, 2015, through December 31, 2050).Prevalence of VI and blindness.In 2015, a total of 1.02 million people were blind, and approximately 3.22 million people in the United States had VI (best-corrected visual acuity in the better-seeing eye), whereas up to 8.2 million people had VI due to uncorrected refractive error. By 2050, the numbers of these conditions are projected to double to approximately 2.01 million people with blindness, 6.95 million people with VI, and 16.4 million with VI due to uncorrected refractive error. The highest numbers of these conditions in 2015 were among non-Hispanic white individuals (2.28 million), women (1.84 million), and older adults (1.61 million), and these groups will remain the most affected through 2050. However, African American individuals experience the highest prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. By 2050, the highest prevalence of VI among minorities will shift from African American individuals (15.2% in 2015 to 16.3% in 2050) to Hispanic individuals (9.9% in 2015 to 20.3% in 2050). From 2015 to 2050, the states projected to have the highest per capita prevalence of VI are Florida (2.56% in 2015 to 3.98% in 2050) and Hawaii (2.35% in 2015 and 3.93% in 2050), and the states projected to have the highest projected per capita prevalence of blindness are Mississippi (0.83% in 2015 to 1.25% in 2050) and Louisiana (0.79% in 2015 to 1.20% in 2050).These data suggest that vision screening for refractive error and early eye disease may reduce or prevent a high proportion of individuals from experiencing unnecessary vision loss and blindness, decrease associated costs to the US economy for medical services and lost productivity, and contribute to better quality of life. Targeted education and screening programs for non-Hispanic white women and minorities should become increasingly important because of the projected growth of these populations and their relative contribution to the overall numbers of these conditions.

Project description:Background and objectivesLarge-scale, contemporary studies exploring glomerular disease epidemiology in the United States are lacking. We aimed to determine 30-year temporal and demographic trends in renal biopsy glomerular disease diagnosis frequencies in the southeastern United States.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsIn this cross-sectional, observational study, we identified all patients with a native kidney biopsy specimen showing one of 18 widely recognized glomerular disease diagnoses referred to the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill Division of Nephropathology between 1986 and 2015. Biopsy era (1986-1995, 1996-2005, and 2006-2015) and demographics (age, sex, and race) were our primary and secondary predictors, respectively, and the relative frequency of each glomerular disease diagnosis was our primary outcome.ResultsAmong 21,374 patients (mean age =48.3±18.3 years old; 50.8% men; 56.8% white; 38.3% black; 2.8% Latino; 1.4% Asian; 0.8% other), the frequency of diabetic glomerulosclerosis in renal biopsy specimens increased dramatically over the three decades (5.5%, 11.4%, and 19.1% of diagnoses, respectively; P for trend <0.001). The frequency of FSGS initially increased but then declined (22.6%, 27.2%, and 24.7%, respectively; P for trend =0.64). The frequencies of other common glomerular disease subtypes remained stable (IgA nephropathy and ANCA/pauci-immune GN) or declined (minimal change disease, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative GN, and lupus nephritis). These temporal trends were largely preserved within all demographic subgroups, although cross-sectional frequency distributions differed according to age, sex, and race.ConclusionsWe identified significant changes in relative renal biopsy frequencies of many glomerular disease subtypes over three decades. Temporal trends were consistently observed within all major demographic groups, although relative predominance of individual glomerular disease subtypes differed according to patient age, sex, and race. We propose that exploration of behavioral and environmental exposures that likely underlie these findings should be the focus of future hypothesis-driven research.

Dataset Information

Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060.

Importance

Objective

Design, setting, and participants

Main outcomes and measures

Results

Conclusions and relevance

Publications

Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets