Neuron-Specific Enolase as an Immunohistochemical Marker Is Better Than Its Reputation.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Mjones P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5714096 | biostudies-literature |
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), also known as gamma (γ) enolase or enolase-2 (Eno2), is a form of glycolytic enolase isozyme and is considered a multifunctional protein. NSE is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and neuroendocrine cells, especially in those of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) lineage such as pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, intestine and lung. In addition to its well-established glycolysis function in the cytoplasm, changes in cell localization and differential expression of NSE are also associated with several pathologies such as infection, inflammation, autoimmune diseases and cancer. This article mainly discusses the role and diagnostic potential of NSE in some lung diseases.
| S-EPMC6859115 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Immunoaffiniyt purification followed by intact-mass detection of the acetylated lung tumor biomarker Neuron Specific Enolase.
2024-10-17 | PXD053170 | Pride
Project description:PurposeNeuron-specific enolase (NSE) concentrations are prognostic following traumatic and anoxic brain injury and may provide a method to quantify neuronal injury in other populations. We determined the association of admission plasma NSE concentrations with mortality and delirium in critically ill septic patients.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 124 patients from a larger sepsis cohort. Plasma NSE was measured in the earliest blood draw at intensive care unit admission. Primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and intensive care unit delirium determined by chart review.ResultsSixty-one patients (49.2%) died within 30 days, and delirium developed in 34 (31.5%) of the 108 patients who survived at least 24 hours and were not persistently comatose. Each doubling of the NSE concentration was associated with a 7.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-12.0, P= .003) increased risk of 30-day mortality and a 5.2% (95% CI 3.2-7.2, P< .001) increased risk of delirium. An NSE concentration >12.5 μg/L was independently associated with a 23.3% (95% CI 6.7-39.9, P= .006) increased risk of 30-day mortality and a 29.3% (95% CI 8.8-49.8, P= .005) increased risk of delirium.ConclusionsHigher plasma NSE concentrations were associated with mortality and delirium in critically ill septic patients, suggesting that NSE may have utility as a marker of neuronal injury in sepsis.
| S-EPMC5096992 | biostudies-literature
Project description:ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if elevations in serum neuron-specific enolase are associated with brain injury and outcomes in adults who require venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.DesignProspective observational study.SettingTwo ICUs of a university hospital, Paris, France.PatientsConsecutive adult patients treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for refractory cardiogenic shock or in-hospital refractory cardiac arrest.InterventionsNone.Measurements and main resultsSerum sampled 1, 3, and 7 days after venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation was stored at -80°C and neuron-specific enolase concentrations were measured in batches at the end of the study. The association between neuron-specific enolase concentrations and outcomes (28-d mortality and poor outcome, defined by a score of 4-6 on the modified Rankin scale at 90 d) were explored by multivariable logistic regression, with neuron-specific enolase concentrations dichotomized according to median values. One-hundred three patients were included, of whom 26 (25%) received preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Median (interquartile range) day-1, day-3, and day-7 neuron-specific enolase serum concentrations were 37 μg/L (26-51 μg/L), 25 μg/L (19-37) μg/L, and 22 μg/L (17-31 μg/L). After adjustment for Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, preextracorporeal membrane oxygenation cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and Sepsis Organ Failure Assessment score at time of cannulation, a day-3 neuron-specific enolase greater than 25 μg/L remained independently associated with 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.86-13.32) and poor outcome at 90 days (adjusted odds ratio, 4.63; 95% CI, 1.81-11.84). A day-3 neuron-specific enolase threshold greater than 80 μg/L had a 100% specificity for prediction of both mortality (95% CI, 92-100%) and poor functional outcome (95% CI, 89-100%). In a subset of patients who underwent brain CT, neuron-specific enolase concentrations were significantly higher in patients diagnosed with stroke, as compared with those without stroke.ConclusionsIn adult patients under venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, day-3 serum neuron-specific enolase concentrations are independently associated with short-term mortality and poor functional outcomes. These findings deserve validation in a multicenter setting.
| S-EPMC7566864 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autistic spectrum disease (ASD) is an increasingly common diagnosis nowadays with a prevalence of 1–2% in most countries. Its complex causality—a combination of genetic, immune, metabolic, and environmental factors—is translated into pleiomorphic developmental disorders of various severity, which have two main aspects in common: repetitive, restrictive behaviors and difficulties in social interaction varying from awkward habits and verbalization to a complete lack of interest for the outside world. The wide variety of ASD causes also makes it very difficult to find a common denominator—a disease biomarker and medication—and currently, there is no commonly used diagnostic and therapeutic strategy besides clinical evaluation and psychotherapy. In the CORDUS clinical study, we have administered autologous cord blood to ASD kids who had little or no improvement after other treatments and searched for a biomarker which could help predict the degree of improvement in each patient. We have found that the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated above the normal clinical range (less than 16.3 ng/mL) in the vast majority of ASD kids tested in our study (40 of 41, or 97.5%). This finding opens up a new direction for diagnostic confirmation, dynamic evaluation, and therapeutic intervention for ASD kids.
| S-EPMC10455327 | biostudies-literature
Project description:IntroductionFibrillary glomerulonephritis (FGN) is a rare disease with unknown pathogenesis and a poor prognosis. Until now, the diagnosis of this disease has required demonstration of glomerular deposition of randomly oriented fibrils by electron microscopy that are Congo red negative and stain with antisera to Igs. We recently discovered a novel proteomic tissue biomarker for FGN, namely, DNAJB9.MethodsIn this work, we developed DNAJB9 immunohistochemistry and tested its sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of FGN. This testing was performed on renal biopsy samples from patients with FGN (n = 84), amyloidosis (n = 21), a wide variety of non-FGN glomerular diseases (n = 98), and healthy subjects (n = 11). We also performed immunoelectron microscopy to determine whether DNAJB9 is localized to FGN fibrils.ResultsStrong, homogeneous, smudgy DNAJB9 staining of glomerular deposits was seen in all but 2 cases of FGN. The 2 cases that did not stain for DNAJB9 were unique, as they had glomerular staining for IgG only (without κ or λ) on immunofluorescence. DNAJB9 staining was not observed in cases of amyloidosis, in healthy subjects, or in non-FGN glomerular diseases (with the exception of very focal staining in 1 case of smoking-related glomerulopathy), indicating 98% sensitivity and > 99% specificity. Immunoelectron microscopy showed localization of DNAJB9 to FGN fibrils but not to amyloid fibrils or immunotactoid glomerulopathy microtubules.ConclusionDNAJB9 immunohistochemistry is sensitive and specific for FGN. Incorporation of this novel immunohistochemical biomarker into clinical practice will now allow more rapid and accurate diagnosis of this disease.
| S-EPMC5762944 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background/aimsIt is not clear which tests are indicative of the activity and severity of tuberculosis (TB). This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and to determine the origin of NSE in TB patients.MethodsA single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on newly diagnosed TB patients between January and December 2010. Patients were categorized into one of two disease groups (focal segmental or extensive) based on chest X-ray. Pre- and post-treatment NSE concentrations were evaluated. To determine the origin of serum NSE concentration, NSE staining was compared with macrophage-specific CD68 staining in lung tissues and with a tissue microarray using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.ResultsA total of 60 newly diagnosed TB patients were analyzed. In TB patients, NSE serum concentration was significantly increased and NSE level decreased after treatment (p < 0.001). In proportion to serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration, the mean serum concentration of NSE in the extensive group (25.12 ng/mL) was significantly higher than that in the focal segmental group (20.23 ng/mL, p = 0.04). Immunohistochemical staining revealed a large number of macrophages that stained positively for both NSE and CD68 in TB tissues. In addition, NSE signals mostly co-localized with CD68 signals in the tissue microarray of TB patients.ConclusionsOur results suggest that NSE may be a practical parameter that can be used to monitor TB activity and treatment response. Elevated serum NSE level originates, at least in part, from macrophages in granulomatous lesions.
| S-EPMC4939508 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on clinicopathologic findings accompanied by the formation of granulomas in multiple organs, including the lung. Although angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R) are traditionally used for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, specific diagnostic markers remain to be determined. In the current study, we found that serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were elevated in patients with sarcoidosis. Serum NSE levels were positively correlated with serum ACE and sIL-2R levels. The sensitivity of NSE alone was modest, but its combination with sIL-2R and ACE had the highest sensitivity compared to those of each single marker. When comparing serum NSE and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) levels in SCLC patients with those in patients with sarcoidosis and nonsarcoidotic benign diseases, serum NSE could be used to distinguish SCLC from sarcoidosis and nonsarcoidosis by setting at a cutoff value of 17.0 ng/ml with a sensitivity of 73.5% and a specificity of 90.2%, which were comparable to those of ProGRP. Serum NSE levels were associated with organ involvement and were higher in sarcoidosis patients who had been treated with oral corticosteroid (OCS) than in those who had never received OCS therapies; there was a positive association between elevated serum NSE levels and OCS use. Increased concentrations of serum NSE in patients at the nonremission phase decreased after spontaneous remission, whereas serum NSE levels fluctuated in accordance with serum ACE or sIL-2R levels during the follow-up period in patients with sarcoidosis. These findings suggest that NSE could be a marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of the clinical outcome of patients with sarcoidosis.
| S-EPMC9162870 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an important health issue and affects 1 in 59 children in the US. Prior studies determined that maternal autoantibody related (MAR) autism is thought to be associated with ~23% of ASD cases. We previously identified seven MAR-specific autoantigens including CRMP1, CRMP2, GDA, LDHA, LDHB, STIP1, and YBX1. We subsequently described the epitope peptide sequences recognized by maternal autoantibodies for each of the seven ASD-specific autoantigens. The aim of the current study was to expand upon our previous work and identify additional antigens recognized by the ASD-specific maternal autoantibodies, as well as to map the unique ASD-specific epitopes using microarray technology. Fetal Rhesus macaque brain tissues were separated by molecular weight and a fraction containing bands between 37 and 45 kDa was analyzed using 2-D gel electrophoresis, followed by peptide mass mapping using MALDI-TOF MS and TOF/TOF tandem MS/MS. Using this methodology, Neuron specific enolase (NSE) was identified as a target autoantigen and selected for epitope mapping. The full NSE sequence was translated into 15-mer peptides with an overlap of 14 amino acids onto microarray slides and probed with maternal plasma from mothers with an ASD child and from mothers with a Typically Developing child (TD) (ASD = 27 and TD = 21). The resulting data were analyzed by T-test. We found 16 ASD-specific NSE-peptide sequences for which four sequences were statistically significant (p < 0.05) using both the t-test and SAM t-test: DVAASEFYRDGKYDL (p = 0.047; SAM score 1.49), IEDPFDQDDWAAWSK (p = 0.049; SAM score 1.49), ERLAKYNQLMRIEEE (p = 0.045; SAM score 1.57), and RLAKYNQLMRIEEEL (p = 0.017; SAM score 1.82). We further identified 5 sequences that were recognized by both ASD and TD antibodies suggesting a large immunodominant epitope (DYPVVSIEDPFDQDDWAAW). While maternal autoantibodies against the NSE protein are present both in mothers with ASD and mothers of TD children, there are several ASD-specific epitopes that can potentially be used as MAR ASD biomarkers. Further, studies including analysis of NSE as a target protein in combination with the previously identified MAR ASD autoantigens are currently underway.
| S-EPMC7010557 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThis study was carried out to determine the potential of neuronal specific enolase (NSE) as a stage diagnostic marker in human African trypanosomiasis.MethodsPlasma and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained from a cohort of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected patients and non-infected controls. Neuronal specific enolase concentrations were measured by ELISA and analysed in relation to diagnosis and disease-stage data.ResultsPlasma NSE concentration was significantly increased in late-stage patients (median 21 ng/ml), compared to the control (median 11 ng/ml), but not in early-stage patients (median 5.3 ng/ml). Cerebrospinal fluid NSE concentration did not vary between stages.ConclusionPlasma NSE is a potential stage diagnostic in this cohort and merits further investigation.
| S-EPMC4342681 | biostudies-literature