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Protective effect of smoking against pterygium development in men: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to evaluate the association between smoking and incident pterygium in adult Korean men. DESIGN:A retrospective nationwide longitudinal cohort. SETTING:National Health Insurance database of South Korea. PARTICIPANTS:This study included Korean men (age range: 40-79 years) registered in the Korea National Health Insurance Service database from 2002 through 2013. We compared HRs for pterygium between 90?547 current/past and 90?547 never-smokers via 1:1 propensity-matched analysis. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE:Incident cases of pterygium were identified from the database. RESULTS:Pterygium developed in 5389 (6.0%) never-smokers and 3898 (4.3%) past/current smokers (P<0.001). The incidence of pterygium per 1000 person-years in never-smokers and in past/current smokers was 6.5 and 4.7, respectively (age-adjusted HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.76). This protective effect was more pronounced among current smokers than among past smokers (for current smokers: HR, 0.68; 95%?CI, 0.65 to 0.71 and for past smokers: HR, 0.85; 95%?CI, 0.80 to 0.90). A longer duration of smoking and higher amounts of cigarette consumption were associated with a lower incidence of pterygium. CONCLUSIONS:Longitudinally, cigarette smoking was associated with a reduced risk of pterygium, and this protective effect was more pronounced among current smokers than among past smokers.

SUBMITTER: Rim TH

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5719276 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Protective effect of smoking against pterygium development in men: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.

Rim Tyler Hyungtaek TH Kim Dong Wook DW Cheng Ching-Yu CY Kim Sung Soo SS

BMJ open 20171128 11

<h4>Objective</h4>The present study aimed to evaluate the association between smoking and incident pterygium in adult Korean men.<h4>Design</h4>A retrospective nationwide longitudinal cohort.<h4>Setting</h4>National Health Insurance database of South Korea.<h4>Participants</h4>This study included Korean men (age range: 40-79 years) registered in the Korea National Health Insurance Service database from 2002 through 2013. We compared HRs for pterygium between 90 547 current/past and 90 547 never- ...[more]

PMID: 29187410

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Project description:BackgroundReal-world evidence on the association between autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases, therapies related to these diseases, and COVID-19 outcomes are inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the potential association between autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases and COVID-19 early in the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe did an exposure-driven, propensity score-matched study using a South Korean nationwide cohort linked to general health examination records. We analysed all South Korean patients aged older than 20 years who underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing between Jan 1 and May 30, 2020, and received general health examination results from the Korean National Health Insurance Service. We defined autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases) based on the relevant ICD-10 codes, with at least two claims (outpatient or inpatient) within 1 year. The outcomes were positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test, severe COVID-19 (requirement of oxygen therapy, intensive care unit admission, application of invasive ventilation, or death), and COVID-19-related death. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were estimated after adjusting for the potential confounders.FindingsBetween Jan 1 and May 30, 2020, 133 609 patients (70 050 [52·4%] female and 63 559 [47·6%] male) completed the general health examination and were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 4365 (3·3%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2, and 8297 (6·2%) were diagnosed with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. After matching, patients with an autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease showed an increased likelihood of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted OR 1·19, 95% CI 1·03-1·40; p=0·026), severe COVID-19 outcomes (1·26, 1·02-1·59; p=0·041), and COVID-19-related death (1·69, 1·01-2·84; p=0·046). Similar results were observed in patients with connective tissue disease and inflammatory arthritis. Treatment with any dose of systemic corticosteroids or disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were not associated with COVID-19-related outcomes, but those receiving high dose (≥10 mg per day) of systemic corticosteroids had an increased likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test (adjusted OR 1·47, 95% CI 1·05-2·03; p=0·022), severe COVID-19 outcomes (1·76, 1·06-2·96; p=0·031), and COVID-19-related death (3·34, 1·23-8·90; p=0·017).InterpretationEarly in the COVID-19 pandemic, autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases were associated with an increased likelihood of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test, worse clinical outcomes of COVID-19, and COVID-19-related deaths in South Korea. A high dose of systemic corticosteroid, but not DMARDs, showed an adverse effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19-related clinical outcomes.FundingNational Research Foundation of Korea.

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Protective effect of smoking against pterygium development in men: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.

Publications

Protective effect of smoking against pterygium development in men: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.

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