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Differential contributions of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity to literacy and numeracy.

ABSTRACT: Literacy and numeracy equally affect an individual's success in and beyond schools, but these two competencies tend to be separately examined, particularly in neuroimaging studies. The current resting-state fMRI study examined the neural correlates of literacy and numeracy in the same sample of healthy adults. We first used an exploratory "Multivariate Distance Matrix Regression" (MDMR) approach to examine intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC), highlighting the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) for both competencies. Notably, there was a hemispheric asymmetry in the MDMR-based MFG findings, with literacy associated with the left MFG, whereas numeracy associated with the right MFG (R.MFG). Results of post-hoc seed-based correlation analyses further strengthened differential contributions of MFG connections to each competency. One of the most striking and novel findings from the present work was that numeracy was negatively related to R.MFG connections with the default network, which has been largely overlooked in the literature. Our results are largely consistent with prior neuroimaging work showing distinct neural mechanisms underlying literacy and numeracy, and also indicate potentially common iFC profiles to both competencies (e.g., R.MFG with cerebellum). Taken together, our iFC findings have a potential to provide novel insights into neural bases of literacy, numeracy, and impairments in these competencies.

SUBMITTER: Koyama MS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5727510 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Differential contributions of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity to literacy and numeracy.

Koyama Maki S MS O'Connor David D Shehzad Zarrar Z Milham Michael P MP

Scientific reports 20171213 1

Literacy and numeracy equally affect an individual's success in and beyond schools, but these two competencies tend to be separately examined, particularly in neuroimaging studies. The current resting-state fMRI study examined the neural correlates of literacy and numeracy in the same sample of healthy adults. We first used an exploratory "Multivariate Distance Matrix Regression" (MDMR) approach to examine intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC), highlighting the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) for b ...[more]

PMID: 29235506

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Project description:Background: The simplistic approaches to language circuits are continuously challenged by new findings in brain structure and connectivity. The posterior middle frontal gyrus and area 55b (pFMG/area55b), in particular, has gained a renewed interest in the overall language network. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients who have undergone awake craniotomy for tumor resection. Navigated transcranial magnetic simulation (nTMS), tractography, and intraoperative findings were correlated with language outcomes. Results: Sixty-five awake craniotomies were performed between 2012 and 2020, and 24 patients were included. nTMS elicited 42 positive responses, 76.2% in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and hesitation was the most common error (71.4%). In the pMFG/area55b, there were seven positive errors (five hesitations and two phonemic errors). This area had the highest positive predictive value (43.0%), negative predictive value (98.3%), sensitivity (50.0%), and specificity (99.0%) among all the frontal gyri. Intraoperatively, there were 33 cortical positive responses-two (6.0%) in the superior frontal gyrus (SFG), 15 (45.5%) in the MFG, and 16 (48.5%) in the IFG. A total of 29 subcortical positive responses were elicited-21 in the deep IFG-MFG gyri and eight in the deep SFG-MFG gyri. The most common errors identified were speech arrest at the cortical level (20 responses-13 in the IFG and seven in the MFG) and anomia at the subcortical level (nine patients-eight in the deep IFG-MFG and one in the deep MFG-SFG). Moreover, 83.3% of patients had a transitory deterioration of language after surgery, mainly in the expressive component (p = 0.03). An increased number of gyri with intraoperative positive responses were related with better preoperative (p = 0.037) and worse postoperative (p = 0.029) outcomes. The involvement of the SFG-MFG subcortical area was related with worse language outcomes (p = 0.037). Positive nTMS mapping in the IFG was associated with a better preoperative language outcome (p = 0.017), relating to a better performance in the expressive component, while positive mapping in the MFG was related to a worse preoperative receptive component of language (p = 0.031). Conclusion: This case series suggests that the posterior middle frontal gyrus, including area 55b, is an important integration cortical hub for both dorsal and ventral streams of language.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:Early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been linked to the development of both internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. In our prior work, we found that ACEs predicted reductions in the volume of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a brain region important for impulse control and emotion regulation. Here we tested the hypothesis that ACEs might influence child behavioral outcomes through an impact on IFG functional connectivity, which may influence impulsive or risk-taking behavior. METHOD:We examined the effects of prospectively assessed ACEs on IFG connectivity in childhood, and their relationship to the trajectory of subsequent psychopathology from late school age and early adolescence, using data from an 11-year longitudinal study of children starting in preschool that included 3 waves of resting state functional connectivity across childhood and early adolescence. RESULTS:ACEs predicted functional connectivity of both left and right IFG. Multi-level modeling of symptoms across 3 waves of assessments indicated that more ACEs predicted both internalizing and externalizing symptoms. However, altered IFG connectivity specifically predicted greater externalizing symptoms over time in middle childhood and early adolescence, as compared to internalizing symptoms. Longitudinal modeling indicating that the relationships between externalizing and functional connectivity were maintained across 3 waves of functional connectivity assessment. CONCLUSION:These findings underscore the relationship of ACEs to later psychopathology, and suggest that connectivity of the IFG, a region known to play an important role in impulse control and emotion regulation, may play a key role in the risk trajectory of ACEs to externalizing problems. However, further work is needed to understand whether these relationships reflect a direct effect of ACEs or whether ACEs are a marker for other environmental or genetic factors that may also influence brain development and behavior.

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Differential contributions of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity to literacy and numeracy.

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Differential contributions of the middle frontal gyrus functional connectivity to literacy and numeracy.

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