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Impulsivity in unaffected adolescent biological relatives of schizophrenia patients.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Although schizophrenia is not a prototypic impulse-control disorder, patients report more impulsive behaviors, have higher rates of substance use, and show dysfunction in brain circuits that underlie impulsivity. We investigate impulsivity in unaffected biological relatives of schizophrenia patients to further understand the relationships between schizophrenia risk and impulse control during adolescence. METHOD:Group differences in impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and delay discounting) were tested in 210 adolescents contrasting 39 first- and 53 second-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients, and 118 subjects with no schizophrenia family history (NSFH). RESULTS:Compared to NSFH adolescents and to second-degree relatives, first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients had increased impulsivity-related behaviors (higher UPPS-P Perseverance, Positive Urgency and Premeditation subscale scores) and greater preference for immediate rewards (smaller AUC and larger discounting constant). Second-degree relatives did not differ significantly from NSFH adolescents on self-report impulsive behaviors or on measures of impulsive decision-making. These group differences remained even after careful consideration of potential confounding factors. CONCLUSION:Impulsivity is associated with schizophrenia risk, and its severity increases with greater familial relatedness to the schizophrenia proband. Additional studies are needed to understand the role impulsivity may play in mediating schizophrenia susceptibility during adolescence.

SUBMITTER: Ho BC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5742548 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Impulsivity in unaffected adolescent biological relatives of schizophrenia patients.

Ho Beng-Choon BC Barry Amy B AB Koeppel Julie A JA

Journal of psychiatric research 20171121

<h4>Objective</h4>Although schizophrenia is not a prototypic impulse-control disorder, patients report more impulsive behaviors, have higher rates of substance use, and show dysfunction in brain circuits that underlie impulsivity. We investigate impulsivity in unaffected biological relatives of schizophrenia patients to further understand the relationships between schizophrenia risk and impulse control during adolescence.<h4>Method</h4>Group differences in impulsivity (UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior ...[more]

PMID: 29175297

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Project description:Meehl conceptualized schizotypy as the phenotypic manifestations of a neural integrative defect resulting from a schizophrenia diathesis. The majority of schizotypy studies recruited subjects from the general population and revealed a multidimensional construct. This 2-phase investigation first examined the clustering of schizotypy in 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients using the Chapman Psychosis Proneness scales and then directly compared the cognitive profiles of negative schizotypal individuals and positive schizotypal individuals with schizophrenia patients and controls. In the first phase, cluster analysis categorized 194 unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients into positive schizotypy (n = 33), negative schizotypy (n = 66), mixed schizotypy (n = 27), and low schizotypy (n = 64). Positive schizotypal participants showed more self-report pleasure experiences than negative schizotypal participants, replicating earlier cluster analytic findings. In the second phase, 27 negative schizotypal individuals, 18 positive schizotypal individuals, 19 schizophrenia patients, and 29 controls were recruited. Although the groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and IQ, they differed significantly in cognitive profiles. While schizophrenia patients exhibited the broadest cognitive impairments, negative schizotypal participants exhibited visual memory, working memory, and verbal fluency impairments, and positive schizotypal participants exhibited logical memory, visual memory, working memory, and theory-of-mind impairments. Among people with familial risk of schizophrenia, individuals exhibiting positive rather than negative schizotypal features resembled schizophrenia patients in cognitive profiles. Using the psychometric-familial method to identify schizotypy, our findings support the heterogeneity of schizotypy as well as the potential utility of the positive schizotypy dimension in genetically high-risk individuals to predict the risk of developing schizophrenia.

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Impulsivity in unaffected adolescent biological relatives of schizophrenia patients.

Publications

Impulsivity in unaffected adolescent biological relatives of schizophrenia patients.

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