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Sex-specific adaptation and genomic responses to Y chromosome presence in female reproductive and neural tissues.


ABSTRACT: Y chromosomes typically harbour a small number of genes and an abundance of repetitive sequences. In Drosophila, the Y chromosome comprises multimegabase long segments of repetitive DNA and a handful of protein-coding genes. In mammals, the Y chromosome also harbours a disproportionally high abundance of repeats. Here, we built on a Drosophila melanogaster model in which the Y chromosome is decoupled from sexual determination. Genotypes were genetically identical for the autosomes, X chromosome, and mitochondria, but differ by the presence or dose of the Y chromosome. Addition of an extra Y chromosome had limited impact in males. However, the presence of a Y chromosome in females induced a disproportionate response in genes expressed in the ovaries as well as genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Furthermore, the data revealed significant consequences of Y chromosome presence in larvae neuronal tissue. This included the repression of genes implicated in reproductive behaviour, courtship, mating and synaptic function. Our findings exhibit the Y chromosome as a hotspot for sex-specific adaptation. They suggest roles for natural selection on Y-linked genetic elements exerting impact on sex-specific tissues as well as somatic tissues shared by males and females.

SUBMITTER: Branco AT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5745411 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Sex-specific adaptation and genomic responses to Y chromosome presence in female reproductive and neural tissues.

Branco Alan T AT   Brito Rute M RM   Lemos Bernardo B  

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20171201 1869


Y chromosomes typically harbour a small number of genes and an abundance of repetitive sequences. In <i>Drosophila,</i> the Y chromosome comprises multimegabase long segments of repetitive DNA and a handful of protein-coding genes. In mammals, the Y chromosome also harbours a disproportionally high abundance of repeats. Here, we built on a <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> model in which the Y chromosome is decoupled from sexual determination. Genotypes were genetically identical for the autosomes,  ...[more]

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