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Trophic transfer and individual impact of nano-sized polystyrene in a four-species freshwater food chain.

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the trophic transfer, individual impact, and embryonic uptake of fluorescent nano-sized polystyrene plastics (nanoplastics) through direct exposure in a freshwater ecosystem, with a food chain containing four species. The alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, water flea Daphnia magna, secondary-consumer fish Oryzias sinensis, and end-consumer fish Zacco temminckii were used as test species. In the trophic transfer test, algae were exposed to 50?mg/L nanoplastics, defined as plastic particles <100?nm in diameter; higher trophic level organisms were exposed through their diet. In the direct exposure test, each species was directly exposed to nanoplastics. Microscopic analysis confirmed that the nanoplastics adhered to the surface of the primary producer and were present in the digestive organs of the higher trophic level species. Nanoplastics also negatively affected fish activity, as measured by distance traveled and area covered, and induced histopathological changes in the livers of fish that were directly exposed. Additionally, nanoplastics penetrated the embryo walls and were present in the yolk sac of hatched juveniles. These observations clearly show that nanoplastics are easily transferred through food chain, albeit because of high experimental dosages. Nevertheless, the results strongly point to the potential health risks of nanoplastic exposure.

SUBMITTER: Chae Y

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5762726 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Trophic transfer and individual impact of nano-sized polystyrene in a four-species freshwater food chain.

Chae Yooeun Y Kim Dokyung D Kim Shin Woong SW An Youn-Joo YJ

Scientific reports 20180110 1

This study investigated the trophic transfer, individual impact, and embryonic uptake of fluorescent nano-sized polystyrene plastics (nanoplastics) through direct exposure in a freshwater ecosystem, with a food chain containing four species. The alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, water flea Daphnia magna, secondary-consumer fish Oryzias sinensis, and end-consumer fish Zacco temminckii were used as test species. In the trophic transfer test, algae were exposed to 50 mg/L nanoplastics, defined as pla ...[more]

PMID: 29321604

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Project description:Abstract Aquatic and their adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are linked via the flux of organic and inorganic matter. Emergent aquatic insects are recognized as high‐quality food for terrestrial predators, because they provide more physiologically relevant long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than terrestrial insects. The effects of dietary PUFA on terrestrial predators have been explored mainly in feeding trials conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, hampering the assessment of the ecological relevance of dietary PUFA deficiencies under field conditions. We assessed the PUFA transfer across the aquatic–terrestrial interface and the consequences for terrestrial riparian predators in two outdoor microcosm experiments. We established simplified tritrophic food chains, consisting of one of four basic food sources, an intermediary collector gatherer (Chironomus riparius, Chironomidae), and a riparian web‐building spider (Tetragnatha sp.). The four basic food sources (algae, conditioned leaves, oatmeal, and fish food) differed in PUFA profiles and were used to track the trophic transfer of single PUFA along the food chain and to assess their potential effects on spiders, that is, on fresh weight, body condition (size‐controlled measurement of nutritional status), and immune response. The PUFA profiles of the basic food sources, C. riparius and spiders differed between treatments, except for spiders in the second experiment. The PUFA α‐linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n‐3) and ɣ‐linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n‐6) were major contributors to the differences between treatments. PUFA profiles of the basic food sources influenced the fresh weight and body condition of spiders in the first experiment, but not in the second experiment, and did not affect the immune response, growth rate, and dry weight in both experiments. Furthermore, our results indicate that the examined responses are dependent on temperature. Future studies including anthropogenic stressors would deepen our understanding of the transfer and role of PUFA in ecosystems. Aquatic and their adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are linked via the flux of organic and inorganic matter. We assessed the PUFA transfer across the aquatic‐terrestrial interface and the consequences for terrestrial riparian predators in outdoor microcosm experiments. We established simplified tritrophic food chains, consisting one basic food source, an intermediary collector gatherer (Chironomus riparius, Chironomidae), and a riparian web‐building spider (Tetragnatha sp.). The four basic food sources (algae, conditioned leaves, oatmeal, fish food) differed in PUFA profiles and were used to track the trophic transfer of single PUFA along the food chain and to assess their potential effects on spiders.

Dataset Information

Trophic transfer and individual impact of nano-sized polystyrene in a four-species freshwater food chain.

Publications

Trophic transfer and individual impact of nano-sized polystyrene in a four-species freshwater food chain.

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