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Development of the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale.

ABSTRACT: Visual stimuli, such as stripes and texts, can induce "visual discomfort" including perceptual and somatic symptoms. Individuals reporting high levels of visual discomfort might experience migraine headache and may have reduced reading efficiency due to visual perceptual difficulties. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale, which measures proneness to visual discomfort.In Survey 1, 428 adults completed the Japanese version and a questionnaire assessing migraine morbidity. Rasch analysis revealed that the Japanese version is a unidimensional scale with a high amount of unexplained variance due to random noise rather than another dimension, and has high person and item reliabilities. Participants with migraine exhibited high scores in the Japanese version, indicating the construct validity of the scale. Survey 2 with 118 adults revealed a strong test-retest correlation for the Japanese version, indicating the stability of the scale.The Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale is a sufficiently reliable and valid scale for assessing visual discomfort, although its unidimensionality leaves room for further improvements.

SUBMITTER: Imaizumi S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5764345 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale.

Imaizumi Shu S Koyama Shinichi S Tanno Yoshihiko Y

PloS one 20180111 1

<h4>Background</h4>Visual stimuli, such as stripes and texts, can induce "visual discomfort" including perceptual and somatic symptoms. Individuals reporting high levels of visual discomfort might experience migraine headache and may have reduced reading efficiency due to visual perceptual difficulties. This study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale, which measures proneness to visual discomfort.<h4>Methods and results</h4>In Survey 1, 428 adults com ...[more]

PMID: 29324819

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Project description:BackgroundLoneliness is a major risk factor for mental and physical health worldwide. The Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TIL Scale; Hughes et al., 2004) has been widely applied to measure loneliness in a simplified format, but no validated Japanese version has been developed. This study adapted the TIL Scale into Japanese and tested its reliability and validity.MethodsThe original English version of the TIL Scale was translated into Japanese, and the expressions of the Japanese version were confirmed by a back translation procedure. The translated scale was then administered to Japanese respondents recruited from an online research panel (N = 1020) and an online crowdsourcing service (N = 500). To analyze the data containing polytomous responses to the items in the scale, this study used categorical Confirmatory Factor Analysis and the Generalized Partial Credit Model based on the Item Response Theory. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale, this study examined factorial validity, reliability, information curves, and the associations of the scale score with demographic variables (age, gender, marital status, and living arrangements), the scores of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (R-UCLA), the Big Five scale of personality traits, and the sizes of personal networks.ResultsThe translated TIL Scale showed essential unidimensionality and characteristics to differentiate among respondents at different levels of loneliness. The scale score was related positively with the scores of R-UCLA and neuroticism and negatively with the scores of extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, and the sizes of overall and support networks. Those who were unmarried and alone recorded a higher score on the scale than those who were married and living with someone. Age showed a negative correlation with the scale score only in Sample 1, in which the equal allocation procedure was introduced for the age stratum.ConclusionsThe results indicate that the Japanese version of the TIL Scale demonstrates adequate reliability and validity for the assessment of loneliness.

Project description:BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to develop a Japanese version of the Hyperarousal Scale (HAS-J) and investigate its factor structure, reliability, and validity, as well as to calculate a cutoff score for the HAS-J and assess different levels of hyperarousal in insomnia patients and community dwellers.MethodsWe recruited 224 outpatients receiving insomnia treatment (56.3% women; mean age 51.7 ± 15.6 years) and 303 community dwellers aged 20 years or older (57.8% women; mean age 43.9 ± 15.2 years). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the factor structure of the HAS-J. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω were then used to test internal consistency. To examine the scale's validity, we determined correlations between the HAS-J and other indexes and compared HAS-J scores between insomnia patients and community dwellers. We also compared HAS-J scores between two community-dweller groups (normal and poor sleepers) and two insomnia patient groups (with and without alleviation after treatment).ResultsFollowing exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a 20-item measure emerged comprising three factors: "Introspectiveness and Reactivity," "Neuroticism," and "Insomnia." Confirmatory factor analysis showed a generally good fit for the model of the three-factor structure suggested by the exploratory factor analysis loadings (χ2 (163) = 327.423, (p < 0.001), CFI = 0.914, GFI = 0.872, AGFI = 0.835, RMSEA = 0.067). In insomnia patients, internal consistency indicated sufficient reliability of the HAS-J. Correlation analysis showed weak to moderate positive correlations of the HAS-J score with other indexes, indicating concurrent validity of the HAS-J. All HAS-J subscale scores were significantly higher in insomnia patients than in community dwellers. Additionally, the total score in patients with alleviation of insomnia was comparable to that in poor sleepers and significantly higher than that in normal sleepers.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the reliability and validity of the HAS-J, indicating that it is useful as a clinical scale of hyperarousal. The high level of hyperarousal in insomnia patients who were assessed to be in remission by the Insomnia Severity Index suggests a risk of insomnia recurrence in these patients.

Dataset Information

Development of the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale.

Publications

Development of the Japanese version of the Visual Discomfort Scale.

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