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The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function.

ABSTRACT: Olfactory function is a key sense for human well-being and health, with olfactory dysfunction having been linked to serious diseases. As the microbiome is involved in normal olfactory epithelium development, we explored the relationship between olfactory function (odor threshold, discrimination, identification) and nasal microbiome in 67 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight subjects were found to have normal olfactory function, 29 had a particularly good sense of smell ("good normosmics") and 10 were hyposmic. Microbial community composition differed significantly between the three olfactory groups. In particular, butyric acid-producing microorganisms were found to be associated with impaired olfactory function. We describe the first insights of the potential interplay between the olfactory epithelium microbial community and olfactory function, and suggest that the microbiome composition is able to mirror and potentially shape olfactory function by producing strong odor compounds.

SUBMITTER: Koskinen K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5778015 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function.

Koskinen Kaisa K Reichert Johanna L JL Hoier Stefan S Schachenreiter Jochen J Duller Stefanie S Moissl-Eichinger Christine C Schöpf Veronika V

Scientific reports 20180122 1

Olfactory function is a key sense for human well-being and health, with olfactory dysfunction having been linked to serious diseases. As the microbiome is involved in normal olfactory epithelium development, we explored the relationship between olfactory function (odor threshold, discrimination, identification) and nasal microbiome in 67 healthy volunteers. Twenty-eight subjects were found to have normal olfactory function, 29 had a particularly good sense of smell ("good normosmics") and 10 wer ...[more]

PMID: 29358754

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Project description:BackgroundNasal microbiota may influence asthma pathobiology.ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the nasal microbiome of subjects with exacerbated asthma, nonexacerbated asthma, and healthy controls to identify nasal microbiota associated with asthma activity.MethodsWe performed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing on nasal swabs obtained from 72 primarily adult subjects with exacerbated asthma (n = 20), nonexacerbated asthma (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 21). Analyses were performed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial (QIIME); linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe); Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States; and Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (PICRUSt); and Statistical Analysis of Metagenomic Profiles (STAMP). Species found to be associated with asthma activity were validated using quantitative PCR. Metabolic pathways associated with differentially abundant nasal taxa were inferred through metagenomic functional prediction.ResultsNasal bacterial composition significantly differed among subjects with exacerbated asthma, nonexacerbated asthma, and healthy controls (permutational multivariate ANOVA, P = 2.2 × 10-2). Relative to controls, the nasal microbiota of subjects with asthma were enriched with taxa from Bacteroidetes (Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, r = 0.33, P = 5.1 × 10-3) and Proteobacteria (r = 0.29, P = 1.4 × 10-2). Four species were differentially abundant based on asthma status after correction for multiple comparisons: Prevotella buccalis, Padj = 1.0 × 10-2; Dialister invisus, Padj = 9.1 × 10-3; Gardnerella vaginalis, Padj = 2.8 × 10-3; Alkanindiges hongkongensis, Padj = 2.6 × 10-3. These phyla and species were also differentially abundant based on asthma activity (exacerbated asthma vs nonexacerbated asthma vs controls). Quantitative PCR confirmed species overrepresentation in asthma relative to controls for Prevotella buccalis (fold change = 130, P = 2.1 × 10-4) and Gardnerella vaginalis (fold change = 160, P = 6.8 × 10-4). Metagenomic inference revealed differential glycerolipid metabolism (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 1.9 × 10-4) based on asthma activity.ConclusionsNasal microbiome composition differs in subjects with exacerbated asthma, nonexacerbated asthma, and healthy controls. The identified nasal taxa could be further investigated for potential mechanistic roles in asthma and as possible biomarkers of asthma activity.

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The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function.

Publications

The nasal microbiome mirrors and potentially shapes olfactory function.

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