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Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes regulate Nrf2 and NF-?B signaling:A medicinal chemistry investigation of structure-function relationships.


ABSTRACT: Fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives (NO2-FA) activate Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene expression and inhibit NF-?B-dependent cytokine expression. To better define NO2-FA structure-function relationships, a series of 22 new chemical entities (NCEs) containing an electrophilic nitroalkene functional group were synthesized and screened for both Nrf2- and NF-?B activities using luciferase-based assays. The structural variables were acyl chain length (11 to 24 carbons) and position of the electrophilic nitroalkene group. In luciferase-based reporter assays, Nrf2 was maximally activated by omega-12 nitroalkene fatty acids while TNF? stimulated NF-?B-inhibition was maximal for omega-5 nitroalkenes. The top pathway-modulating NO2-FAs were a) evaluated for an ability to activate Nrf2-dependent signaling and inhibit NF-?B-dependent inflammatory responses of RAW264.7 cells and b) compared to electrophilic compounds in clinical development. These findings revealed that 8/9-nitro-eicos-8-enoic acid (NCE-10) was collectively the most effective NCE and that both the ? and ? acyl chain lengths influence nitroalkene activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-?B signaling. This insight will guide development of more effective non-natural homologs of endogenously-detectable fatty acid nitroalkenes as anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic drug candidates.

SUBMITTER: Khoo NKH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5797128 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes regulate Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling:A medicinal chemistry investigation of structure-function relationships.

Khoo Nicholas K H NKH   Li Lihua L   Salvatore Sonia R SR   Schopfer Francisco J FJ   Freeman Bruce A BA  

Scientific reports 20180202 1


Fatty acid nitroalkene derivatives (NO<sub>2</sub>-FA) activate Nrf2-regulated antioxidant gene expression and inhibit NF-κB-dependent cytokine expression. To better define NO<sub>2</sub>-FA structure-function relationships, a series of 22 new chemical entities (NCEs) containing an electrophilic nitroalkene functional group were synthesized and screened for both Nrf2- and NF-κB activities using luciferase-based assays. The structural variables were acyl chain length (11 to 24 carbons) and positi  ...[more]

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