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Catalytic liquefaction of human feces over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst and the influence of operating conditions on products.

ABSTRACT: In this study, human feces were hydrothermal liquefied and converted into biocrude over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst. The influence of catalysts, reaction temperature, and holding time on the distribution of products and element content of biocrude was assessed. The biocrude yield increased to 53.16% with a reaction temperature of 330?°C, a holding time of 30?min, and adding Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst while the liquefaction conversion peaked at 89.61%. The biocrude had an HHV of 36.64?MJ/kg and was similar to heavy crude oil. The biocrude is rich in fatty acid amides, esters, and oxygen-containing-only heteroatom-ring compounds as well as some nitrogen-containing heteroatom-ring compounds. The main gaseous products were CO2, CH4, and C2H6. Hydrothermal liquefaction over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst could be a potential method to handle human excrement treatment and produce biofuel.

SUBMITTER: Wang W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5806599 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Catalytic liquefaction of human feces over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst and the influence of operating conditions on products.

Wang Wenjia W Yang Lei L Yin Zhaosen Z Kong Shengyan S Han Wei W Zhang Jinglai J

Energy conversion and management 20180201

In this study, human feces were hydrothermal liquefied and converted into biocrude over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst. The influence of catalysts, reaction temperature, and holding time on the distribution of products and element content of biocrude was assessed. The biocrude yield increased to 53.16% with a reaction temperature of 330 °C, a holding time of 30 min, and adding Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst while the liquefaction conversion peaked at 89.61%. The biocrude had an HHV of 36.64 MJ/k ...[more]

PMID: 29449755

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Project description:A better fundamental understanding of the plasma-catalyst interaction and the reaction mechanism is vital for optimizing the design of catalysts for ammonia synthesis by plasma-catalysis. In this work, we report on a hybrid plasma-enhanced catalytic process for the synthesis of ammonia directly from N2 and H2 over transition metal catalysts (M/Al2O3, M = Fe, Ni, Cu) at near room temperature (?35 °C) and atmospheric pressure. Reactions were conducted in a specially designed coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor using water as a ground electrode, which could cool and maintain the reaction at near-room temperature. The transparency of the water electrode enabled operando optical diagnostics (intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) imaging and optical emission spectroscopy) of the full plasma discharge area to be conducted without altering the operation of the reactor, as is often needed when using coaxial reactors with opaque ground electrodes. Compared to plasma synthesis of NH3 without a catalyst, plasma-catalysis significantly enhanced the NH3 synthesis rate and energy efficiency. The effect of different transition metal catalysts on the physical properties of the discharge is negligible, which suggests that the catalytic effects provided by the chemistry of the catalyst surface are dominant over the physical effects of the catalysts in the plasma-catalytic synthesis of ammonia. The highest NH3 synthesis rate of 471 ?mol g-1 h-1 was achieved using Ni/Al2O3 as a catalyst with plasma, which is 100% higher than that obtained using plasma only. The presence of a transition metal (e.g., Ni) on the surface of Al2O3 provided a more uniform plasma discharge than Al2O3 or plasma only, and enhanced the mean electron energy. The mechanism of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis has been investigated through operando plasma diagnostics combined with comprehensive characterization of the catalysts using N2 physisorption measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and N2-TPD. Four forms of adsorbed NH x (x = 0, 1, 2, and 3) species were detected on the surfaces of the spent catalysts using XPS. It was found that metal sites and weak acid sites could enhance the production of NH3 via formation of NH2 intermediates on the surface.

Dataset Information

Catalytic liquefaction of human feces over Ni-Tm/TiO2 catalyst and the influence of operating conditions on products.

Publications

Catalytic liquefaction of human feces over Ni-Tm/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst and the influence of operating conditions on products.

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