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Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway.

ABSTRACT: Presbycusis is the most common sensory impairment associated with aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy has been demonstrated to serve a key role in diverse diseases; however, no studies have examined its function in central presbycusis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of autophagy in the physiological processes of the auditory cortex and its role in the degeneration of the auditory cortex, as well as the related mechanisms using naturally aging rats and a D?galactose (D?gal)?induced mimetic rat model of aging. The present study demonstrated that autophagy increased from 3 months to 15 months in the normal saline (NS) control group, while it decreased in the D?gal group. Compared with the age?matched NS group, the D?gal group demonstrated significantly increased levels of the autophagy?related proteins, LC3 and Beclin 1 (BECN1) and the anti?apoptotic proteins B?cell lymphoma (BCL)2 and BCL?extra large (BCL?xL) at 3 months, with no obvious changes in cell apoptosis level and neuron ultrastructural morphology. However, LC3, BECN1, BCL2 and BCL?xL were decreased at 15 months in the D-gal group, with cell apoptosis significantly increased and substantial neuron degeneration. Additionally, 5' AMP?activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was enhanced, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and ULK1 phosphorylation (Ser 757) activities were inhibited at 3 months compared with those of the NS group, while the opposite was observed at 9 and 15 months. The present results suggested that autophagy increases from young to adult and decreases at old age in the physiological processes of the auditory cortex, and has anti?apoptotic as well as anti?aging functions in the degeneration of the auditory cortex. Additionally, autophagy was regulated through AMPK activation and mTOR suppression, and impairment of autophagy may serve a key role in the degeneration of the auditory cortex, even in the pathogenesis of central presbycusis.

SUBMITTER: Yuan J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5810242 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway.

Yuan Jie J Zhao Xueyan X Hu Yujuan Y Sun Haiying H Gong Guoqing G Huang Xiang X Chen Xubo X Xia Mingyu M Sun Chen C Huang Qilin Q Sun Yu Y Kong Wen W Kong Weijia W

International journal of molecular medicine 20180117 4

Presbycusis is the most common sensory impairment associated with aging; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy has been demonstrated to serve a key role in diverse diseases; however, no studies have examined its function in central presbycusis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes of autophagy in the physiological processes of the auditory cortex and its role in the degeneration of the auditory cortex, as well as the related mechanisms usin ...[more]

PMID: 29344647

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Project description:BackgroundBreast cancer is the most prevalent female tumor, of which triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15%. Characterized by its aggressive nature and limited treatment options, TNBC currently stands as a significant clinical challenge. This study aimed to investigate the effects of icariin (ICA) on TNBC and explore the underlying molecular mechanism.MethodsCell viability was assessed using CCK-8 assay, whereas the impact of ICA on cell proliferation was determined using colony formation assay and detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to evaluate the effects of ICA on cell migration and invasion, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Transmission electron microscopy and monodansylcaverine staining were performed to detect the induction of autophagy, whereas molecular docking was conducted to predict the potential targets associated with autophagy. The in vivo anti-tumor effects of ICA were evaluated using a TNBC 4T1 xenograft mouse model. Protein expression levels were examined using immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry.ResultsIn vitro, ICA effectively suppressed the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells and induced G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in TNBC cells by regulating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) signaling pathway. The knockdown of AMPK and inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine reversed the effects of ICA, highlighting the importance of AMPK and autophagy in the anti-cancer mechanism of ICA. In vivo, ICA significantly inhibited TNBC growth, promoted autophagy, and regulated AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrated that ICA exerts anti-cancer effects against TNBC and the associated molecular mechanisms. This study will help to facilitate further preclinical and clinical investigations for the treatment of TNBC.

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Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway.

Publications

Autophagy regulates the degeneration of the auditory cortex through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway.

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