Dataset Information

Reduced translucency and the addition of black patterns increase the catch of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on yellow sticky traps.

ABSTRACT: The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest of a wide range of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses around the world. Yellow sticky traps are highly attractive to flying adults and so are frequently used to monitor the pest. Our aim was to test whether changes in trap translucency or the addition of printed black patterns could increase the catch on yellow sticky traps in greenhouses. Field trials were carried out in commercial crops of strawberry and tomato under glass over three years. Reduced trap translucency increased trap catches by a factor of 1.5 to 7.0 and the catch increased significantly for both females and males. Spectrometer measurements showed that the increased catch was consistent with an increased landing stimulus from a colour opponency mechanism i.e. the ratio of energy from 500-640 nm to the energy from 300-500 nm. Printed black patterns increased trap catches on specific types of trap, by a factor of 1.4 to 2.3, and the catch increased significantly for both females and males. The patterns increased trap catch on moderately translucent traps, but decreased trap catch on less translucent traps. The evidence points to a contrast/edge effect of pattern, but laboratory experiments are needed to clarify this. Exploitation of these translucency and pattern effects could improve the efficacy of yellow traps for monitoring and mass trapping in crops.

SUBMITTER: Sampson C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5814052 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Reduced translucency and the addition of black patterns increase the catch of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on yellow sticky traps.

Sampson Clare C Covaci Anca D AD Hamilton James G C JGC Hamilton James G C JGC Hassan Nayem N Al-Zaidi Shakir S Kirk William D J WDJ

PloS one 20180215 2

The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a pest of a wide range of vegetable and ornamental crops in greenhouses around the world. Yellow sticky traps are highly attractive to flying adults and so are frequently used to monitor the pest. Our aim was to test whether changes in trap translucency or the addition of printed black patterns could increase the catch on yellow sticky traps in greenhouses. Field trials were carried out in commercial crops o ...[more]

PMID: 29447272

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Project description:The greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a serious pest of many fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops in sub-tropical regions and in greenhouses worldwide. Potato is a secondary host of the species but the major threat from this insect in the Andean region for potato is the transmission by this insect of a crinivirus causing Potato yellow vein disease. Determination of the pest's temperature-dependent population growth potential is crucial knowledge for understanding the population dynamics and spread potential of the species and the diseases it can transmit, as well as for designing effective pest management strategies. Trialeurodes vaporariorum development, mortality and reproduction were studied at seven constant temperatures ranging from 10 to 32 °C. The Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software was used to fit nonlinear equations to the data and establish an overall phenology model to simulate life-table parameters based on temperature. In addition, life tables of T. vaporariorium were established at daily fluctuating temperature in two different environments: Cusco (5 °C-35 °C) and La Molina, Lima (13.7 °C-24.9 °C), and used to adjust and validate the model. The insect only completed its life cycle at constant temperatures above 15 °C and below 32 °C although the cycle was completed at daily fluctuating temperatures between 5 °C and 35 °C. The overall model portrayed population development within the temperature range of 14° to 32 °C with a maximum finite rate of population increase (= 1.14) at 23 °C. However, the model revealed poor convergence with life tables established at fluctuating temperatures indicating an influential effect of temperature fluctuations on the whitefly life history parameters, particularly on adult survival time and reproduction. Therefore, we adjusted the model for convergence with a single life table observed at fluctuating temperature. The adjusted model gave good predictions when compared with remaining observed life tables and published data. The adjusted model predicted population development within the temperature range of 11.5 °C-35.5 °C, and maximum population growth at around 24 °C with a finite rate of increase, λ, of 1.137 and a population doubling time of 5 days. The established process-based physiological model presented here for T. vaporariorum can be used for predicting the species distribution potential based on temperature worldwide and should prove helpful in adjusting pest management measures. Moreover, the information obtained will be used to predict the spread potential of potato yellow vein disease.

Project description:Management of viral plant diseases can be improved by using models to predict disease spread. Potato yellow vein virus (PYVV) of the genus Crinivirus (Closteroviridae) is transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Although several approaches exist for modeling insect population growth, modeling vector-born virus spread remains difficult because fundamental knowledge on the relationship between virus transmission and temperature is lacking for most vector transmitted viruses. To address this challenge, we initially developed a temperature-dependent phenology model for the whitefly vector using the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software. In the present study, the effect of temperature on the efficiency of virus transmission by the whitefly was determined through controlled laboratory experiments at 8 constant temperatures in the range from 10 to 25 °C. The vector capacity to transmit the virus was highest at 15 °C (about 70 % probability of infection) but decreased radically as temperature deviated from this optimum temperature to <10 % at temperatures of 10 and 20 °C, respectively. The temperature-dependent probability of virus transmission by a single adult whitefly could be described by a nonlinear function, which was validated by transmission frequencies observed at fluctuating temperatures. This function combined with life table parameters calculated from previously established temperature-dependent phenology model for the vector provided a full temperature-responsive model for predicting PYVV spread potential and transmission probabilities. For spatial risk predictions, we devised two virus transmission risk indexes and tested their performance in correctly predicting virus presence/absence with field survey data. The best performing risk index was used to generate risk maps, which reflected well the current (real) occurrence of the virus but also predicted areas at high risk, where the virus has not previously been reported. One of them in western Panama was targeted for surveillance and resulted in identification of the virus in the country, where it was not previously known to occur. Simulated risk maps for the year 2050 revealed that climate change may significantly affect, the risk of distribution, generally reducing in tropical areas of the world, but increasing in the temperate regions.

Dataset Information

Reduced translucency and the addition of black patterns increase the catch of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on yellow sticky traps.

Publications

Reduced translucency and the addition of black patterns increase the catch of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, on yellow sticky traps.

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