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NADPH-dependent 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase is a part of the fungal pathway for D-glucuronate catabolism.

ABSTRACT: NADPH-dependent 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase was identified as a missing element in the pathway for D-glucuronate catabolism in fungi. The disruption of the gene, gluF, by CRISPR/Cas9 in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger resulted in a strain unable to catabolise D-glucuronate. The purified GluF protein was characterized and kcat and Km values of 23.7 ± 1.8 s-1 and 3.2 ± 0.1 mm for 5-keto-D-gluconate, respectively, were determined. The enzyme is reversible and is active with NADP+ and D-gluconate. We suggest a pathway for D-glucuronate catabolism with the intermediates L-gulonate, 2-keto-L-gulonate, L-idonate, 5-keto-D-gluconate, D-gluconate and D-gluconate-6-phosphate which is a part of the pentose phosphate pathway. A fungal enzyme activity for the conversion of L-gulonate to 2-keto-L-gulonate remains to be identified.

SUBMITTER: Kuivanen J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5814732 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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NADPH-dependent 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase is a part of the fungal pathway for D-glucuronate catabolism.

Kuivanen Joosu J Richard Peter P

FEBS letters 20171230 1

NADPH-dependent 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase was identified as a missing element in the pathway for D-glucuronate catabolism in fungi. The disruption of the gene, gluF, by CRISPR/Cas9 in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger resulted in a strain unable to catabolise D-glucuronate. The purified GluF protein was characterized and kcat and Km values of 23.7 ± 1.8 s-1 and 3.2 ± 0.1 mm for 5-keto-D-gluconate, respectively, were determined. The enzyme is reversible ...[more]

PMID: 29265364

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A novel pathway for fungal D-glucuronate catabolism contains an L-idonate forming 2-keto-L-gulonate reductase.

Project description:For the catabolism of D-glucuronate, different pathways are used by different life forms. The pathways in bacteria and animals are established, however, a fungal pathway has not been described. In this communication, we describe an enzyme that is essential for D-glucuronate catabolism in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. The enzyme has an NADH dependent 2-keto-L-gulonate reductase activity forming L-idonate. The deletion of the corresponding gene, the gluC, results in a phenotype of no growth on D-glucuronate. The open reading frame of the A. niger 2-keto-L-gulonate reductase was expressed as an active protein in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A histidine tagged protein was purified and it was demonstrated that the enzyme converts 2-keto-L-gulonate to L-idonate and, in the reverse direction, L-idonate to 2-keto-L-gulonate using the NAD(H) as cofactors. Such an L-idonate forming 2-keto-L-gulonate dehydrogenase has not been described previously. In addition, the finding indicates that the catabolic D-glucuronate pathway in A. niger differs fundamentally from the other known D-glucuronate pathways.

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Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase from Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO12528 complexed with 5-keto-D-gluconate and NADPH.

Project description:NADPH-dependent 5-keto-D-gluconate reductase from Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO12528 (5KGR) catalyzes oxidoreduction between 5-keto-D-gluconate and D-gluconate with high specificity. 5KGR was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized with 5-keto-D-gluconate and NADPH using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 288?K. A crystal of the 5KGR-NADPH complex was obtained using reservoir solution containing PEG 4000 as a precipitant and diffracted X-rays to 1.75?Å resolution. The crystal of the complex belonged to space group P4(2)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a=b=128.6, c=62.9?Å. A crystal of the 5KGR-NADPH-5-keto-D-gluconate complex was prepared by soaking the 5KGR-NADPH complex crystal in reservoir solution supplemented with 100?mM 5-keto-D-gluconate and 10?mM NADPH for 20?min and diffracted X-rays to 2.26?Å resolution. The crystal of the ternary complex belonged to space group P4(2)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a=b=128.7, c=62.5?Å. Both crystals contained two molecules in the asymmetric unit.

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Project description:Abalone feeds on brown seaweeds and digests seaweeds' alginate with alginate lyases (EC 4.2.2.3). However, it has been unclear whether the end product of alginate lyases (i.e. unsaturated monouronate-derived 4-deoxy-L-erythro-5-hexoseulose uronic acid (DEH)) is assimilated by abalone itself, because DEH cannot be metabolized via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of animals. Under these circumstances, we recently noticed the occurrence of an NADPH-dependent reductase, which reduced DEH to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate, in hepatopancreas extract of the pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. In the present study, we characterized this enzyme to some extent. The DEH reductase, named HdRed in the present study, could be purified from the acetone-dried powder of hepatopancreas by ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by conventional column chromatographies. HdRed showed a single band of ∼ 40 kDa on SDS-PAGE and reduced DEH to 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-gluconate with an optimal temperature and pH at around 50 °C and 7.0, respectively. HdRed exhibited no appreciable activity toward 28 authentic compounds, including aldehyde, aldose, ketose, α-keto-acid, uronic acid, deoxy sugar, sugar alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, and ester. The amino acid sequence of 371 residues of HdRed deduced from the cDNA showed 18-60% identities to those of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily enzymes, such as human aldose reductase, halophilic bacterium reductase, and sea hare norsolorinic acid (a polyketide derivative) reductase-like protein. Catalytic residues and cofactor binding residues known in AKR superfamily enzymes were fairly well conserved in HdRed. Phylogenetic analysis for HdRed and AKR superfamily enzymes indicated that HdRed is an AKR belonging to a novel family.

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Project description:Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) comprise a superfamily of proteins involved in the reduction and oxidation of biogenic and xenobiotic carbonyls. In humans, at least 15 AKR superfamily members have been identified so far. One of these is a newly identified gene locus, AKR1B15, which clusters on chromosome 7 with the other human AKR1B subfamily members (i.e. AKR1B1 and AKR1B10). We show that alternative splicing of the AKR1B15 gene transcript gives rise to two protein isoforms with different N termini: AKR1B15.1 is a 316-amino acid protein with 91% amino acid identity to AKR1B10; AKR1B15.2 has a prolonged N terminus and consists of 344 amino acid residues. The two gene products differ in their expression level, subcellular localization, and activity. In contrast with other AKR enzymes, which are mostly cytosolic, AKR1B15.1 co-localizes with the mitochondria. Kinetic studies show that AKR1B15.1 is predominantly a reductive enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of androgens and estrogens with high positional selectivity (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity) as well as 3-keto-acyl-CoA conjugates and exhibits strong cofactor selectivity toward NADP(H). In accordance with its substrate spectrum, the enzyme is expressed at the highest levels in steroid-sensitive tissues, namely placenta, testis, and adipose tissue. Placental and adipose expression could be reproduced in the BeWo and SGBS cell lines, respectively. In contrast, AKR1B15.2 localizes to the cytosol and displays no enzymatic activity with the substrates tested. Collectively, these results demonstrate the existence of a novel catalytically active AKR, which is associated with mitochondria and expressed mainly in steroid-sensitive tissues.

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Membrane-bound, 2-keto-D-gluconate-yielding D-gluconate dehydrogenase from "Gluconobacter dioxyacetonicus" IFO 3271: molecular properties and gene disruption.

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