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Cognitive response to fish oil, blueberry, and combined supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment.

ABSTRACT: Given evidence that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and anthocyanin-rich blueberries provide neurocognitive benefit, we investigated long-term supplementation in older adults with cognitive complaints. In a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, elderly men and women received daily fish oil (FO) or blueberry (BB) or both. Diet records confirmed that participants reduced background consumption of EPA, DHA, and anthocyanins as prescribed. Erythrocyte EPA + DHA composition increased in the FO groups (p = 0.0001). Total urinary anthocyanins did not differ between the groups after supplementation but glycoside and native (food) forms increased only in the BB-supplemented groups. The FO (p = 0.03) and BB (p = 0.05) groups reported fewer cognitive symptoms, and the BB group showed improved memory discrimination (p = 0.04), indicating that supplementation improved cognition. Cognitive benefit in the BB group was associated with the presence of urinary anthocyanins reflecting recent BB intake but not with anthocyanin metabolites. However, combined FO + BB treatment was not associated with cognitive enhancement as expected.

SUBMITTER: McNamara RK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5822748 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cognitive response to fish oil, blueberry, and combined supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment.

McNamara Robert K RK Kalt Wilhelmina W Shidler Marcelle D MD McDonald Jane J Summer Suzanne S SS Stein Amanda L AL Stover Amanda N AN Krikorian Robert R

Neurobiology of aging 20171212

Given evidence that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and anthocyanin-rich blueberries provide neurocognitive benefit, we investigated long-term supplementation in older adults with cognitive complaints. In a 24-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, elderly men and women received daily fish oil (FO) or blueberry (BB) or both. Diet records confirmed that participants reduced background consumption of EPA, DHA, and anthocyanins as prescribed. Erythrocyte E ...[more]

PMID: 29458842

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Project description:BackgroundPrecision nutrition is highly topical. However, no studies have explored the interindividual variability in response to nutrition interventions for sarcopenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of interindividual variability in response to two nutrition supplementation interventions for sarcopenia and metabolic health, after accounting for sources of variability not attributable to supplementation.MethodsA 24 week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested the impact of leucine-enriched protein (LEU-PRO), LEU-PRO plus long-chain n-3 PUFA (LEU-PRO+n-3) or control (CON) supplementation in older adults (n = 83, 71 ± 6 years) at risk of sarcopenia. To estimate the true interindividual variability in response to supplementation (free of the variability due to measurement error and within-subject variation), the standard deviation of individual responses (SDR ) was computed and compared with the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) for appendicular lean mass (ALM), leg strength, timed up-and-go (TUG), and serum triacylglycerol (TG) concentration. Clinically meaningful interindividual variability in response to supplementation was deemed to be present when the SDR positively exceeded the MCID. The probability that individual responses were clinically meaningful, and the phenotypic, dietary, and behavioural determinants of response to supplementation were examined.ResultsThe SDR was below the MCID for ALM (LEU-PRO: -0.12 kg [90% CI: -0.38, 0.35], LEU-PRO+n-3: -0.32 kg [-0.45, 0.03], MCID: 0.21 kg), TUG (LEU-PRO: 0.58 s [0.18, 0.80], LEU-PRO+n-3: 0.73 s [0.41, 0.95], MCID: 0.9 s) and TG (LEU-PRO: -0.38 mmol/L [-0.80, 0.25], LEU-PRO+n-3: -0.44 mmol/L [-0.63, 0.06], MCID: 0.1 mmol/L), indicating no meaningful interindividual variability in response to either supplement. The SDR exceeded the MCID (19 Nm) for strength in response to LEU-PRO (25 Nm [-29, 45]) and LEU-PRO+n-3 (23 Nm [-29, 43]) supplementation but the effect was uncertain, evidenced by wide confidence intervals. In the next stage of analysis, similar proportions of participant responses were identified as very likely, likely, possibly, unlikely, and very unlikely to represent clinically meaningful improvements across the LEU-PRO, LEU-PRO+n-3, and CON groups (P > 0.05). Baseline LC n-3 PUFA status, habitual protein intake, and numerous other phenotypic and behavioural factors were not determinants of response to LEU-PRO or LEU-PRO+n-3 supplementation.ConclusionsApplying a novel, robust methodological approach to precision nutrition, we show that there was minimal interindividual variability in changes in ALM, muscle function, and TG in response to LEU-PRO and LEU-PRO+n-3 supplementation in older adults at risk of sarcopenia.

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Project description:ImportanceDeveloping interventions against age-related memory decline and for older adults experiencing neurodegenerative disease is one of the greatest challenges of our generation. Spermidine supplementation has shown beneficial effects on brain and cognitive health in animal models, and there has been preliminary evidence of memory improvement in individuals with subjective cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of longer-term spermidine supplementation on memory performance and biomarkers in this at-risk group.Design, setting, and participantsThis 12-month randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial (the SmartAge trial) was conducted between January 2017 and May 2020. The study was a monocenter trial carried out at an academic clinical research center in Germany. Eligible individuals were aged 60 to 90 years with subjective cognitive decline who were recruited from health care facilities as well as through advertisements in the general population. Data analysis was conducted between January and March 2021.InterventionsOne hundred participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to 12 months of dietary supplementation with either a spermidine-rich dietary supplement extracted from wheat germ (0.9 mg spermidine/d) or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose). Eighty-nine participants (89%) successfully completed the trial intervention.Main outcomes and measuresPrimary outcome was change in memory performance from baseline to 12-month postintervention assessment (intention-to-treat analysis), operationalized by mnemonic discrimination performance assessed by the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Secondary outcomes included additional neuropsychological, behavioral, and physiological parameters. Safety was assessed in all participants and exploratory per-protocol, as well as subgroup, analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 100 participants (51 in the spermidine group and 49 in the placebo group) were included in the analysis (mean [SD] age, 69 [5] years; 49 female participants [49%]). Over 12 months, no significant changes were observed in mnemonic discrimination performance (between-group difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.11 to 0.05; P = .47) and secondary outcomes. Exploratory analyses indicated possible beneficial effects of the intervention on inflammation and verbal memory. Adverse events were balanced between groups.Conclusions and relevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, longer-term spermidine supplementation in participants with subjective cognitive decline did not modify memory and biomarkers compared with placebo. Exploratory analyses indicated possible beneficial effects on verbal memory and inflammation that need to be validated in future studies at higher dosage.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03094546.

Dataset Information

Cognitive response to fish oil, blueberry, and combined supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment.

Publications

Cognitive response to fish oil, blueberry, and combined supplementation in older adults with subjective cognitive impairment.

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