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Metabolic and chemical regulation of tRNA modification associated with taurine deficiency and human disease.


ABSTRACT: Modified uridine containing taurine, 5-taurinomethyluridine (?m5U), is found at the anticodon first position of mitochondrial (mt-)transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Previously, we reported that ?m5U is absent in mt-tRNAs with pathogenic mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases. However, biogenesis and physiological role of ?m5U remained elusive. Here, we elucidated ?m5U biogenesis by confirming that 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and taurine are metabolic substrates for ?m5U formation catalyzed by MTO1 and GTPBP3. GTPBP3-knockout cells exhibited respiratory defects and reduced mitochondrial translation. Very little ?m5U34 was detected in patient's cells with the GTPBP3 mutation, demonstrating that lack of ?m5U results in pathological consequences. Taurine starvation resulted in downregulation of ?m5U frequency in cultured cells and animal tissues (cat liver and flatfish). Strikingly, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine (cmnm5U), in which the taurine moiety of ?m5U is replaced with glycine, was detected in mt-tRNAs from taurine-depleted cells. These results indicate that tRNA modifications are dynamically regulated via sensing of intracellular metabolites under physiological condition.

SUBMITTER: Asano K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5829720 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Modified uridine containing taurine, 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm5U), is found at the anticodon first position of mitochondrial (mt-)transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Previously, we reported that τm5U is absent in mt-tRNAs with pathogenic mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases. However, biogenesis and physiological role of τm5U remained elusive. Here, we elucidated τm5U biogenesis by confirming that 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and taurine are metabolic substrates for τm5U formation catalyzed by  ...[more]

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