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Advancing Diagnostics to Address Antibacterial Resistance: The Diagnostics and Devices Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.

ABSTRACT: Diagnostics are a cornerstone of the practice of infectious diseases. However, various limitations frequently lead to unmet clinical needs. In most other domains, diagnostics focus on narrowly defined questions, provide readily interpretable answers, and use true gold standards for development. In contrast, infectious diseases diagnostics must contend with scores of potential pathogens, dozens of clinical syndromes, emerging pathogens, rapid evolution of existing pathogens and their associated resistance mechanisms, and the absence of gold standards in many situations. In spite of these challenges, the importance and value of diagnostics cannot be underestimated. Therefore, the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group has identified diagnostics as 1 of 4 major areas of emphasis. Herein, we provide an overview of that development, highlighting several examples where innovation in study design, content, and execution is advancing the field of infectious diseases diagnostics.

SUBMITTER: Tsalik EL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5848376 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Advancing Diagnostics to Address Antibacterial Resistance: The Diagnostics and Devices Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.

Tsalik Ephraim L EL Petzold Elizabeth E Kreiswirth Barry N BN Bonomo Robert A RA Banerjee Ritu R Lautenbach Ebbing E Evans Scott R SR Hanson Kimberly E KE Klausner Jeffrey D JD Patel Robin R

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20170301 suppl_1

Diagnostics are a cornerstone of the practice of infectious diseases. However, various limitations frequently lead to unmet clinical needs. In most other domains, diagnostics focus on narrowly defined questions, provide readily interpretable answers, and use true gold standards for development. In contrast, infectious diseases diagnostics must contend with scores of potential pathogens, dozens of clinical syndromes, emerging pathogens, rapid evolution of existing pathogens and their associated r ...[more]

PMID: 28350903

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Project description:BackgroundHealthcare systems invest in leadership development of surgeons, surgical trainees, and teams. However, there is no agreement on how interventions should be designed, or what components they must contain to be successful. The objective of this realist review was to generate a programme theory explaining in which context and for whom surgical leadership interventions work and why.MethodsFive databases were systematically searched, and articles screened against inclusion considering their relevance. Context-mechanism-outcome configurations (CMOCs) and fragments of CMOCs were identified. Gaps in the CMOCs were filled through deliberation with the research team and stakeholder feedback. We identified patterns between CMOCs and causal relationships to create a programme theory.ResultsThirty-three studies were included and 19 CMOCs were developed. Findings suggests that interventions for surgeons and surgical teams improve leadership if timely feedback is delivered on multiple occasions and by trusted and respected people. Negative feedback is best provided privately. Feedback from senior-to-junior or peer-to-peer should be delivered directly, whereas feedback from junior-to-senior is preferred when delivered anonymously. Leadership interventions were shown to be most effective for those with awareness of the importance of leadership, those with confidence in their technical surgical skills, and those with identified leadership deficits. For interventions to improve leadership in surgery, they need to be delivered in an intimate learning environment, consider implementing a speak-up culture, provide a variety of interactive learning activities, show a genuine investment in the intervention, and be customised to the needs of surgeons. Leadership of surgical teams can be best developed by enabling surgical teams to train together.ConclusionsThe programme theory provides evidence-based guidance for those who are designing, developing and implementing leadership interventions in surgery. Adopting the recommendations will help to ensure interventions are acceptable to the surgical community and successful in improving surgical leadership.Trial registrationThe review protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021230709).

Project description:IntroductionEvidence-based approaches for achieving gender equity for women in leadership are lacking. Current efforts are of limited effectiveness, especially in healthcare. This work occurs in the context of an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council funded partnership to advance women in healthcare leadership. Partners include government, professional colleges and healthcare organisations with national reach and international links. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review, aiming to capture evidence on effective organisational strategies across multiple sectors with comparable challenges in advancing women in leadership. The aim of the review is to learn from other sectors and analyse the evidence to inform implementation in the health sector.Methods and analysisA systematic search will be performed on Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS databases to identify studies since 2000, reflecting a major shift in the global gender equality agenda with the development of the 2000 Millennium Development Goals. Titles and abstracts will be screened to assess eligibility; data extraction, quality assessment (using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme checklist) and synthesis of outcomes will be performed. Outcomes will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Studies in English using quantitative or qualitative design, which investigate organisational practices in any sector, for advancing women in leadership, and report on one or more measurable outcomes (eg, capacity-building, incidence of promotion) will be included. Findings will be analysed, themes will be extracted and results will be described.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required. To our knowledge, this review will be the first to provide a comprehensive synthesis of available evidence on organisational practices for advancing women in leadership from the last two decades. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at conferences and meetings. Through a large-scale funded partnership, this work will inform practice, linking to international initiatives.Prospero registration numberCRD42020162115; International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

Project description:BackgroundWomen comprise the majority of the nursing profession, yet nurses are underrepresented in healthcare leadership. We aimed to explore barriers for women nurses to advance in healthcare leadership to inform organisational interventions for career advancement.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-synthesis, studies examining advancing women nurses and midwives in leadership within healthcare and academia in the international literature were included. Six databases (MEDLINE, EMCARE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and CINAHL PLUS) were searched for studies published in English between January 1 2000 and October 17 2023. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tools (GRADE) was followed to assess confidence in the findings. Retrieved full texts were assessed for methodological rigour using the Critical Appraisal Skill Programme Qualitative Studies checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute Cross-sectional and Prevalence Studies checklists. Reported barriers for women nurses' leadership attainment were identified and generated themes were mapped to the Abilities, Motivation, and Opportunities (AMO) framework.FindingsThere were 32 eligible studies; 18 qualitative, 11 quantitative, and 3 mixed-methods. Studies included high-income countries (n = 20), middle-income countries (n = 7) and across countries (n = 3) with two unspecified. Samples included registered nurses, nurse academics, executives, and leaders. The key barriers highlighted were related to: role modelling and leadership development (ability); multiple complex and interacting factors, including gender stereotyping, perception of professionalism, human relations policies, and gender bias (motivation); and systemic issues, such as organisational setting, structure, and support (opportunity).InterpretationThe prevailing belief in the literature is that caregiving is a feminine occupation and along with societal expectations of women's subordinate position, these present substantial obstacles that limit women nurses from advancing into healthcare leadership. Ultimately, these factors restrict women nurses in career advancement and need to be addressed at a systems and organisational level.FundingThe National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia.

Dataset Information

Advancing Diagnostics to Address Antibacterial Resistance: The Diagnostics and Devices Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.

Publications

Advancing Diagnostics to Address Antibacterial Resistance: The Diagnostics and Devices Committee of the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group.

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