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CRISPR RNAs trigger innate immune responses in human cells.


ABSTRACT: Here, we report that CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNAs) with a 5'-triphosphate group (5'-ppp gRNAs) produced via in vitro transcription trigger RNA-sensing innate immune responses in human and murine cells, leading to cytotoxicity. 5'-ppp gRNAs in the cytosol are recognized by DDX58, which in turn activates type I interferon responses, causing up to ?80% cell death. We show that the triphosphate group can be removed by a phosphatase in vitro and that the resulting 5'-hydroxyl gRNAs in complex with Cas9 or Cpf1 avoid innate immune responses and can achieve targeted mutagenesis at a frequency of 95% in primary human CD4+ T cells. These results are in line with previous findings that chemically synthesized sgRNAs with a 5'-hydroxyl group are much more efficient than in vitro-transcribed (IVT) sgRNAs in human and other mammalian cells. The phosphatase treatment of IVT sgRNAs is a cost-effective method for making highly active sgRNAs, avoiding innate immune responses in human cells.

SUBMITTER: Kim S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5848615 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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CRISPR RNAs trigger innate immune responses in human cells.

Kim Sojung S   Koo Taeyoung T   Jee Hyeon-Gun HG   Cho Hee-Yeon HY   Lee Gyeorae G   Lim Dong-Gyun DG   Shin Hyoung Shik HS   Kim Jin-Soo JS  

Genome research 20180301 3


Here, we report that CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNAs) with a 5'-triphosphate group (5'-ppp gRNAs) produced via in vitro transcription trigger RNA-sensing innate immune responses in human and murine cells, leading to cytotoxicity. 5'-ppp gRNAs in the cytosol are recognized by DDX58, which in turn activates type I interferon responses, causing up to ∼80% cell death. We show that the triphosphate group can be removed by a phosphatase in vitro and that the resulting 5'-hydroxyl gRNAs in complex with Cas9 o  ...[more]

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