Dataset Information

Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

ABSTRACT: Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger.A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1-60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The prespecified outcome was ?-diversity (inverse Simpson's ?-diversity index), with secondary outcomes of ? and ? Simpson's and Shannon's diversities.At 5 days after treatment, 40 children aged 1-60 months were analyzed in the azithromycin-treated group and 40 children in the placebo-treated group. Diversity of the gut microbiome was significantly lower in the treated group (inverse Simpson's ?-diversity, 5.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.08-6.14) than in the placebo group (6.91; 95% CI, 5.82-8.21; P = .03). Similarly, the Shannon's ?-diversity was lower in the treated group (10.60; 95% CI, 8.82-12.36) than the placebo group (15.42; 95% CI, 13.24-17.80; P = .004). Simpson's community-level (?) diversity decreased with azithromycin exposure from 17.72 (95% CI, 13.80-20.21) to 10.10 (95% CI, 7.80-11.40; P = .00008), although ?-diversity was not significantly reduced (2.56, 95% CI, 1.88-3.12; to 2.01, 95% CI, 1.46-2.51; P = .26).Oral administration of azithromycin definitively decreases the diversity of the gut microbiome of children in an antibiotic-naive community.NCT02048007.

SUBMITTER: Doan T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5849050 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Doan Thuy T Arzika Ahmed M AM Ray Kathryn J KJ Cotter Sun Y SY Kim Jessica J Maliki Ramatou R Zhong Lina L Zhou Zhaoxia Z Porco Travis C TC Vanderschelden Benjamin B Keenan Jeremy D JD Lietman Thomas M TM

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 20170501 9

<h4>Background</h4>Antibiotic exposure can alter the gut microbiome. We evaluate the effects of azithromycin on the gut microbiome diversity of children from an antibiotic-naive community in Niger.<h4>Methods</h4>A population-based sample of 80 children aged 1-60 months in the Dosso region of Niger was randomized to receive a single dose of either oral azithromycin or placebo. Fecal samples were collected immediately before treatment and 5 days after treatment for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The p ...[more]

PMID: 28402408

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Dataset Information

Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Publications

Gut Microbial Diversity in Antibiotic-Naive Children After Systemic Antibiotic Exposure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

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