Dataset Information

Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity.

ABSTRACT: Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (n?=?14) or no intervention (n?=?8). Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured in both plasma and feces, and bacterial diversity was determined in feces by 16S rRNA gene profiling and quantified using the Shannon index and number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Nonlinear mixed effect models were used to relate drug pharmacokinetics and bacterial diversity over time. Moxifloxacin reduced bacterial diversity in a concentration-dependent manner, with a median maximal loss of 27.5% of the Shannon index (minimum [min], 17.5; maximum [max], 27.7) and 47.4% of the number of OTUs (min, 30.4; max, 48.3). As a consequence of both the long fecal half-life of moxifloxacin and the susceptibility of the gut microbiota to moxifloxacin, bacterial diversity indices did not return to their pretreatment levels until days 16 and 21, respectively. Finally, the model characterized the effect of moxifloxacin on bacterial diversity biomarkers and provides a novel framework for analyzing antibiotic effects on the intestinal microbiome.

SUBMITTER: Burdet C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6761552 | biostudies-literature | 2019 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity.

Burdet Charles C Nguyen Thu Thuy TT Duval Xavier X Ferreira Stéphanie S Andremont Antoine A Guedj Jérémie J Mentré France F

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 20190923 10

Although the global deleterious impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota is well known, temporal changes in microbial diversity during and after an antibiotic treatment are still poorly characterized. We used plasma and fecal samples collected frequently during treatment and up to one month after from 22 healthy volunteers assigned to a 5-day treatment by moxifloxacin (<i>n</i> = 14) or no intervention (<i>n</i> = 8). Moxifloxacin concentrations were measured in both plasma and feces, ...[more]

PMID: 31307985

Similar Datasets

Project description:The gut microbiome is a dynamic community that significantly affects host health; it is frequently disturbed by medications such as antibiotics. Recently, probiotics have been proposed as a remedy for antibiotic-induced dysbiosis, but the efficacy of such treatments remains uncertain. Thus, the effect of specific antibiotic-probiotic combinations on the gut microbiome and host health warrants further research. We tested the effect vancomycin, amoxicillin, and ciprofloxacin on mice. Antibiotic administration was followed by one of the following recovery treatments: Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254 as a probiotic (PR); fecal transplant (FT); or natural recovery (NR). Each antibiotic administration and recovery treatment was repeated three times over 9 weeks. We used the Shannon Index and Chao1 Index to determine gut microbiome diversity and assessed recovery by quantifying the magnitude of microbial shift using the Bray-Curtis Index of Dissimilarity. We determined the community composition by sequencing the V3-V4 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. To assess host health, we measured body weight and cecum weight, as well as mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR. Our results show that community response varied by the type of antibiotic used, with vancomycin having the most significant effects. As a result, the effect of probiotics and fecal transplants also varied by antibiotic type. For vancomycin, the first antibiotic disturbance substantially increased the relative abundance of inflammatory species in the phylum Proteobacteria, such as Proteus, but the effect of subsequent disturbances was less pronounced, suggesting that the gut microbiome is affected by past disturbance events. Furthermore, although gut microbiome diversity did not recover, probiotic supplementation was effective in limiting cecum size enlargement and colonic inflammation caused by vancomycin. However, for amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin, the relative abundances of proinflammatory species were not greatly affected, and consequently, the effect of probiotic supplementation on community structure, cecum weight, and expression of inflammation-related genes was comparatively negligible. These results indicate that probiotic supplementation is effective, but only when antibiotics cause proinflammatory species-induced gut inflammation, suggesting that the necessity of probiotic supplementation is strongly influenced by the type of disturbance introduced to the community.

Dataset Information

Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity.

Publications

Impact of Antibiotic Gut Exposure on the Temporal Changes in Microbiome Diversity.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Tweets