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Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages.

ABSTRACT: Background:Two influenza B virus lineages, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, cocirculate in the human population. While the lineages are serologically distinct, cross-reactive responses to both lineages have been detected. Viral interference describes the situation whereby infection with one virus limits infection and replication of a second virus. We investigated the potential for viral interference between the influenza B virus lineages. Methods:Ferrets were infected and then challenged 3, 10, or 28 days later with pairs of influenza B/Victoria and B/Yamagata viruses. Results:Viral interference occurred at challenge intervals of 3 and 10 days and occasionally at 28 days. At the longer interval, shedding of challenge virus was reduced, and this correlated with cross-reactive interferon ? responses from lymph nodes from virus-infected animals. Viruses from both lineages could prevent or significantly limit subsequent infection with a virus from the other lineage. Coinfections were rare, indicating the potential for reassortment between lineages is limited. Conclusions:These data suggest that innate and cross-reactive immunity mediate viral interference and that this may contribute to the dominance of a specific influenza B virus lineage in any given influenza season. Furthermore, infection with one influenza B virus lineage may be beneficial in protecting against subsequent infection with either influenza B virus lineage.

SUBMITTER: Laurie KL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5853430 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages.

Laurie Karen L KL Horman William W Carolan Louise A LA Chan Kok Fei KF Layton Daniel D Bean Andrew A Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran D Reading Patrick C PC McCaw James M JM Barr Ian G IG

The Journal of infectious diseases 20180101 4

<h4>Background</h4>Two influenza B virus lineages, B/Victoria and B/Yamagata, cocirculate in the human population. While the lineages are serologically distinct, cross-reactive responses to both lineages have been detected. Viral interference describes the situation whereby infection with one virus limits infection and replication of a second virus. We investigated the potential for viral interference between the influenza B virus lineages.<h4>Methods</h4>Ferrets were infected and then challenge ...[more]

PMID: 29325138

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Influenza virus undergoes constant antigenic evolution, and therefore influenza vaccines must be reformulated each year. Time is necessary to produce a vaccine that is antigenically matched to a pandemic strain. A goal of many research works is to produce universal vaccines that can induce protective immunity to influenza A viruses of various subtypes. Despite intensive studies, the precise mechanisms of heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) remain ambiguous. METHOD: In this study, mice were vaccinated with recombinant virus vaccine (rL H5), in which the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza A/H5N1 virus was inserted into the LaSota Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine strain. Following a challenge with influenza A/H1N1 virus, survival rates and lung index of mice were observed. The antibodies to influenza virus were detected using hemagglutination inhibition (HI). The lung viral loads, lung cytokine levels and the percentages of both IFN-?+CD4+ and IFN-?+CD8+ T cells in spleen were detected using real-time RT-PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry respectively. RESULTS: In comparison with the group of mice given phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), the mice vaccinated with rL H5 showed reductions in lung index and viral replication in the lungs after a challenge with influenza A/H1N1 virus. The antibody titer in group 3 (H1N1-H1N1) was significantly higher than that in other groups which only low levels of antibody were detected. IFN-? levels increased in both group 1 (rL H5-H1N1) and group 2 (rL H5?+?IL-2-H1N1). And the IFN-? level of group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1. The percentages of both IFN-?+CD4+ and IFN-?+CD8+ T cells in group 1 (rL H5-H1N1) and group 2 (rL H5?+?IL-2-H1N1) increased significantly, as measured by flow cytometry. CONCLUSION: After the mice were vaccinated with rL H5, cross-protective immune response was induced, which was against heterosubtypic influenza A/H1N1 virus. To some extent, cross-protective immune response can be enhanced by IL-2 as an adjuvant. Cellular immune responses may play an important role in HSI against influenza virus.

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Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages.

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Evidence for Viral Interference and Cross-reactive Protective Immunity Between Influenza B Virus Lineages.

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