Dataset Information

Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae).

ABSTRACT: While many C₄ lineages have Kranz anatomy around individual veins, Salsoleae have evolved the Salsoloid Kranz anatomy where a continuous dual layer of chlorenchyma cells encloses the vascular and water-storage tissue. With the aim of elucidating the evolution of C₄ photosynthesis in Salsoleae, a broadly sampled molecular phylogeny and anatomical survey was conducted, together with biochemical, microscopic, and physiological analyses of selected photosynthetic types. From analyses of photosynthetic phenotypes, a model for evolution of this form of C₄ was compared with models for evolution of Kranz anatomy around individual veins. A functionally C₃ proto-Kranz phenotype (Proto-Kranz Sympegmoid) and intermediates with a photorespiratory pump (Kranz-like Sympegmoid and Kranz-like Salsoloid types) are considered crucial transitional steps towards C₄ development. The molecular phylogeny provides evidence for C₃ being the ancestral photosynthetic pathway but there is no phylogenetic evidence for the ancestry of C₃-C₄ intermediacy with respect to C₄ in Salsoleae. Traits considered advantageous in arid conditions, such as annual life form, central sclerenchyma in leaves, and reduction of surface area, evolved repeatedly in Salsoleae. The recurrent evolution of a green stem cortex taking over photosynthesis in C₄ clades of Salsoleae concurrent with leaf reduction was probably favoured by the higher productivity of the C₄ cycle.

SUBMITTER: Schussler C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5853613 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae).

Schüssler Christina C Freitag Helmut H Koteyeva Nuria N Schmidt Denise D Edwards Gerald G Voznesenskaya Elena E Kadereit Gudrun G

Journal of experimental botany 20161221 2

While many C<sub>4</sub> lineages have Kranz anatomy around individual veins, Salsoleae have evolved the Salsoloid Kranz anatomy where a continuous dual layer of chlorenchyma cells encloses the vascular and water-storage tissue. With the aim of elucidating the evolution of C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis in Salsoleae, a broadly sampled molecular phylogeny and anatomical survey was conducted, together with biochemical, microscopic, and physiological analyses of selected photosynthetic types. From an ...[more]

PMID: 28003310

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Project description:C4 photosynthesis is a carbon-concentrating mechanism that evolved independently more than 60 times in a wide range of angiosperm lineages. Among other alterations, the evolution of C4 from ancestral C3 photosynthesis requires changes in the expression of a vast number of genes. Differential gene expression analyses between closely related C3 and C4 species have significantly increased our understanding of C4 functioning and evolution. In Chenopodiaceae, a family that is rich in C4 origins and photosynthetic types, the anatomy, physiology and phylogeny of C4, C2, and C3 species of Salsoleae has been studied in great detail, which facilitated the choice of six samples of five representative species with different photosynthetic types for transcriptome comparisons. mRNA from assimilating organs of each species was sequenced in triplicates, and sequence reads were de novo assembled. These novel genetic resources were then analyzed to provide a better understanding of differential gene expression between C3, C2 and C4 species. All three analyzed C4 species belong to the NADP-ME type as most genes encoding core enzymes of this C4 cycle are highly expressed. The abundance of photorespiratory transcripts is decreased compared to the C3 and C2 species. Like in other C4 lineages of Caryophyllales, our results suggest that PEPC1 is the C4-specific isoform in Salsoleae. Two recently identified transporters from the PHT4 protein family may not only be related to the C4 syndrome, but also active in C2 photosynthesis in Salsoleae. In the two populations of the C2 species S. divaricata transcript abundance of several C4 genes are slightly increased, however, a C4 cycle is not detectable in the carbon isotope values. Most of the core enzymes of photorespiration are highly increased in the C2 species compared to both C3 and C4 species, confirming a successful establishment of the C2 photosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, a function of PEP-CK in C2 photosynthesis appears likely, since PEP-CK gene expression is not only increased in S. divaricata but also in C2 species of other groups.

Dataset Information

Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae).

Publications

Molecular phylogeny and forms of photosynthesis in tribe Salsoleae (Chenopodiaceae).

Similar Datasets

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