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?Arrestin2 Mediates Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Growth.

ABSTRACT: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urological cancers worldwide. The disease does not present early clinical symptoms and is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Limited molecular drivers have been identified for RCC, resulting in the lack of effective treatment for patients with progressive disease. Ubiquitous ?Arrestin2 (?Arr2) is well established for its function in the desensitization and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors. More recently, ?Arr2 has been implicated in the regulation of fundamental cellular functions, including proliferation and invasion. We used bioinformatic and genetic approaches to determine role of ?Arr2 in RCC tumor growth. Analysis of published human datasets shows that ARRB2 (gene encoding ?Arr2) expression is increased in RCC tumor compared to normal tissue and that high levels of ARRB2 correlate with worse patient survival. Experimentally, we show that knockout of ARRB2 decreases rate of RCC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in animals. Mechanistically, ?Arr2 regulates c-Src activity, Cyclin A expression and cell cycle progression that are involved in tumor growth. These results show that ?Arr2 is a critical regulator of RCC tumor growth and suggest its utility as a potential marker and drug target to treat advanced disease.

SUBMITTER: Masannat J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5861056 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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βArrestin2 Mediates Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Growth.

Masannat Jude J Purayil Hamsa Thayele HT Zhang Yushan Y Russin Michelle M Mahmud Iqbal I Kim Wanju W Liao Daiqing D Daaka Yehia Y

Scientific reports 20180320 1

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urological cancers worldwide. The disease does not present early clinical symptoms and is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage. Limited molecular drivers have been identified for RCC, resulting in the lack of effective treatment for patients with progressive disease. Ubiquitous βArrestin2 (βArr2) is well established for its function in the desensitization and trafficking of G protein-coupled receptors. More recently, βArr2 has been implicat ...[more]

PMID: 29559707

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Project description:Previous studies have demonstrated that direct targeting of interstitial cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and tumor fibrosis alone seemed to be an unpromising treatment option for malignant tumors. Therefore, it is necessary to further explore the mechanism of the influence of collagen and tumor fibrosis on the biological behavior of malignant tumors. The current study aimed to explore the effect of intratumor fibrosis on the prognosis of renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and its mechanism. With the bioinformatic analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database (n = 537), the study showed that high Collagen type I α 1 (COL1A1) mRNA expression indicated the poor prognosis of ccRCC patients compared with low expression ones. We further used the Two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF)/second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy to determine the intratumor fibrosis of 68 patients with surgical resection of ccRCC and confirmed that a high fibrosis level in the tumor was associated with a poor prognosis compared with patients with low expression (Progression-Free Survival: p = 0.030). We further measured the protein chips of 640 cytokines in ccRCC specimens and found that several cytokines, including prolactin (PRL), were associated with the degree of fibrosis in the tumor, as confirmed by the prolactin receptor (PRLR) immunohistochemical method. In addition, the study showed that PRLR expression decreased significantly in the ccRCC compared with adjacent normal tissue (p < 0.05). Our research shows that low expression of PRLR predicted the poor survival of the patient. We used the Cell Counting Kit-8 experiment, the transwell and the plate clone formation assay to evaluate the role of PRL in the 7860 and the ACHN cell lines. We found that PRL promoted ccRCC cell proliferation and migration. JAK-STAT3 activation was found in the high prolactin expression group by mass spectrum analysis. This study delineated the fibrosis-based tumor microenvironment characteristics of ccRCC. PRL/PRLR may be involved in the fibrosis process and are essential prognostic risk factors for ccRCC.

Project description:Background and objectivesPre-operative kidney volume is an independent predictor of glomerular filtration rate in renal cell carcinoma patients. Compensatory renal growth (CRG) can ensue prior to nephrectomy in parallel to tumor growth and benign parenchyma loss. We aimed to test whether renal metabolite abundances significantly associate with CRG, suggesting a causative relationship.Design, setting, participants, and measurementsTissue metabolomics data from 49 patients, with a median age of 60 years, were previously collected and the pre-operative fold-change of their contra to ipsi-lateral benign kidney volume served as a surrogate for their CRG. Contra-lateral kidney volume fold-change within a 3.3 +/- 2.1 years follow-up interval was used as a surrogate for long-term CRG. Using a multivariable statistical model, we identified metabolites whose abundances significantly associate with CRG.ResultsOur analysis found 13 metabolites in the benign (e.g. L-urobilin, Variable Influence in Projection, VIP, score = 3.02, adjusted p = 0.017) and 163 metabolites in the malignant (e.g. 3-indoxyl-sulfate, VIP score = 1.3, adjusted p = 0.044) tissues that significantly associate with CRG. Benign/tumor fold change in metabolite abundances revealed three additional metabolites with that significantly positively associate with CRG (e.g. p-cresol sulfate, VIP score = 2.945, adjusted p = 0.033). At the pathway level, we show that fatty-acid oxidation is highly enriched with metabolites whose benign tissue abundances strongly positively associate with CRG, both pre-operatively and long term, whereas in the tumor tissue significant enrichment of dipeptides and benzoate (positive association), glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, lysolipid and nucleotide sugar pentose (negative associations) sub-pathways, were observed.ConclusionThese data suggest that specific biological processes in the benign as well as in the tumor parenchyma strongly influence compensatory renal growth.

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?Arrestin2 Mediates Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Growth.

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βArrestin2 Mediates Renal Cell Carcinoma Tumor Growth.

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