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Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal.

ABSTRACT: Cleaning organisms play a fundamental ecological role by removing ectoparasites and infected tissue from client surfaces. We used the well-studied cleaning mutualisms involving the cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, to test how client cognition is affected by ectoparasites and whether these effects are mitigated by cleaners. Ambon damselfish (Pomacentrus amboinensis) collected from experimental reef patches without cleaner wrasse performed worse in a visual discrimination test than conspecifics from patches with cleaners. Endoparasite abundance also negatively influenced success in this test. Visual discrimination performance was also impaired in damselfish experimentally infected with gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda) ectoparasites. Neither cleaner absence nor gnathiid infection affected performance in spatial recognition or reversal learning tests. Injection with immune-stimulating lipopolysaccharide did not affect visual discrimination performance relative to saline-injected controls, suggesting that cognitive impairments are not due to an innate immune response. Our results highlight the complex, indirect role of cleaning organisms in promoting the health of their clients via ectoparasite removal and emphasize the negative impact of parasites on host's cognitive abilities.

SUBMITTER: Binning SA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5879620 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal.

Binning Sandra A SA Roche Dominique G DG Grutter Alexandra S AS Colosio Simona S Sun Derek D Miest Joanna J Bshary Redouan R

Proceedings. Biological sciences 20180301 1874

Cleaning organisms play a fundamental ecological role by removing ectoparasites and infected tissue from client surfaces. We used the well-studied cleaning mutualisms involving the cleaner wrasse, <i>Labroides dimidiatus,</i> to test how client cognition is affected by ectoparasites and whether these effects are mitigated by cleaners. Ambon damselfish (<i>Pomacentrus amboinensis)</i> collected from experimental reef patches without cleaner wrasse performed worse in a visual discrimination test t ...[more]

PMID: 29514969

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Project description:IntroductionAccurate early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is hampered by its long prodromal period and the variable manifestations of its motor symptoms. While olfactory dysfunction can occur before motor-symptom onset and serve as a non-disease-specific diagnostic aid, its underlying causes are incompletely understood.MethodsCorrelation analyses, univariate density estimates, ANOVA and regression evaluated relationships between scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test and those on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test in 1280 Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative subjects placed into five diagnostic categories. Structural equation modeling identified cognitive measures having significant indirect effects on olfactory-function-test scores.ResultsGlobal cognition, verbal learning and memory, attention, delayed-recall, and visuospatial/executive function scores show weak-to-moderate, significant associations with olfactory-function-test scores. Associations are stronger in symptomatic than asymptomatic subjects having mutations in LRRK2, GBA or SNCA. Score distributions are nonuniform across diagnostic categories. Linear regression found that all cognitive measures except attention predicted olfactory-function-test scores. Three structural equation models assessing indirect effects of verbal learning/memory with either global cognition, visuospatial/executive function, or delayed-recall had a good statistical fit to the data. Only verbal learning/memory scores significantly help explain olfactory-function-test scores in all symptomatic diagnostic categories (-0.56 < b < -0.23, 0.001 < P < .005). Visuospatial/executive-function test scores help explain olfactory-function-test scores in both genetic Parkinson's disease diagnostic categories (-0.25 < b < -0.17, 0.032 < P < .033).ConclusionImpaired verbal learning/memory and visuospatial/executive function contributes to lower performance on olfactory function tests in Parkinson's disease. As both of these domains impact decision-making, decision-making in turn may impact olfactory assessment in Parkinson's disease.

Dataset Information

Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal.

Publications

Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal.

Similar Datasets

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