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Age sensitive associations of adolescent substance use with amygdalar, ventral striatum, and frontal volumes in young adulthood.

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION:This study evaluated an age sensitive model of substance use across adolescence to determine if substance use was associated with smaller volumes for an earlier developing brain region, the amygdala, a later developing region, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the ventral striatum. METHOD:Participants (N?=?110) were African American young adults who were members of a longitudinal cohort across childhood and adolescence. Measures of substance use were collected across early (ages 12-15 yrs.), middle (ages 16-18 yrs.), and later (ages 19-21 yrs.) adolescence; then, at age 25, a representative subset of the sample completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that assessed regional brain volumes. RESULTS:Higher levels of substance use during early adolescence, but not middle or later adolescence, were significantly associated with smaller amygdalar volume in young adulthood. Higher levels of substance use during middle adolescence, but not early or later adolescence, were significantly associated with smaller pars opercularis volume. Substance use was not associated with the pars triangularis or ventral striatum. CONCLUSION:These findings support age sensitive associations between substance use and smaller gray matter volumes at age 25 and are consistent with literature supporting the differential nature of substance use and brain maturation across adolescence and into young adulthood.

SUBMITTER: Windle M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5911233 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Age sensitive associations of adolescent substance use with amygdalar, ventral striatum, and frontal volumes in young adulthood.

Windle Michael M Gray Joshua C JC Lei Karlo Mankit KM Barton Allen W AW Brody Gene G Beach Steven R H SRH Galván Adrianna A MacKillop James J Clark Uraina S US Sweet Lawrence H LH

Drug and alcohol dependence 20180314

<h4>Introduction</h4>This study evaluated an age sensitive model of substance use across adolescence to determine if substance use was associated with smaller volumes for an earlier developing brain region, the amygdala, a later developing region, the inferior frontal gyrus, and the ventral striatum.<h4>Method</h4>Participants (N = 110) were African American young adults who were members of a longitudinal cohort across childhood and adolescence. Measures of substance use were collected across ea ...[more]

PMID: 29558674

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Project description:Neurodevelopmental explanations for adolescent substance use have focused on heightened sensitivity of mesolimbic circuitry, centered on the ventral striatum (VS). Recent evidence suggests that, relative to adults, adolescents show a stronger link between reinforcement learning and episodic memory for rewarding outcomes and greater functional connectivity between the VS and hippocampus, which may reflect a heightened reward modulation of memory. However, a link between VS-hippocampal circuitry and adolescent substance use has yet to be established. Two separate studies were conducted to evaluate whether variation in VS-hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) predicts subsequent adolescent substance use exposure. A pilot study (Study 1) was conducted in 19 youth recruited from a high sociodemographic risk population (N = 19; mean age = 13.3 SD = 1.4; 14 females; 47% Black Non-Hispanic, 32% White Non-Hispanic). To replicate results of Study 1, Study 2 utilized data from the National Consortium on Adolescent Neurodevelopment and Alcohol (N = 644; mean age = 16.3 SD = 2.5; 339 females; 11% Black Non-Hispanic, 11% Hispanic/Latino, 66% White Non-Hispanic). Resting-state fMRI data were collected at a baseline time point and lifetime and past year self-reported substance use was collected at a follow up visit. Regression models tested whether baseline VS-hippocampal rs-FC predicted substance use exposure at follow up, as measured by an index score reflecting the number of substance classes (e.g., alcohol, marijuana) tried and overall frequency of use. Across both studies, higher VS-hippocampal rs-FC at baseline predicted greater substance use exposure at follow up (pFWE < 0.05). These data provide the first evidence linking increased VS-hippocampal connectivity with greater adolescent substance use exposure. Results fit with the emerging idea that variation in adolescent substance use may relate to not only individual differences in mesolimbic sensitivity to reward, but also to an individuals' memory sensitivity to reward as measured by connectivity between canonical memory and reward regions.

Dataset Information

Age sensitive associations of adolescent substance use with amygdalar, ventral striatum, and frontal volumes in young adulthood.

Publications

Age sensitive associations of adolescent substance use with amygdalar, ventral striatum, and frontal volumes in young adulthood.

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