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Anthropogenic N Deposition Alters the Composition of Expressed Class II Fungal Peroxidases.

ABSTRACT: Here, we present evidence that ca. 20 years of experimental N deposition altered the composition of lignin-decaying class II peroxidases expressed by forest floor fungi, a response which has occurred concurrently with reductions in plant litter decomposition and a rapid accumulation of soil organic matter. This finding suggests that anthropogenic N deposition has induced changes in the biological mediation of lignin decay, the rate limiting step in plant litter decomposition. Thus, an altered composition of transcripts for a critical gene that is associated with terrestrial C cycling may explain the increased soil C storage under long-term increases in anthropogenic N deposition.IMPORTANCE Fungal class II peroxidases are enzymes that mediate the rate-limiting step in the decomposition of plant material, which involves the oxidation of lignin and other polyphenols. In field experiments, anthropogenic N deposition has increased soil C storage in forests, a result which could potentially arise from anthropogenic N-induced changes in the composition of class II peroxidases expressed by the fungal community. In this study, we have gained unique insight into how anthropogenic N deposition, a widespread agent of global change, affects the expression of a functional gene encoding an enzyme that plays a critical role in a biologically mediated ecosystem process.

SUBMITTER: Entwistle EM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5930317 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Anthropogenic N Deposition Alters the Composition of Expressed Class II Fungal Peroxidases.

Entwistle Elizabeth M EM Romanowicz Karl J KJ Argiroff William A WA Freedman Zachary B ZB Morris J Jeffrey JJ Zak Donald R DR

Applied and environmental microbiology 20180416 9

Here, we present evidence that ca. 20 years of experimental N deposition altered the composition of lignin-decaying class II peroxidases expressed by forest floor fungi, a response which has occurred concurrently with reductions in plant litter decomposition and a rapid accumulation of soil organic matter. This finding suggests that anthropogenic N deposition has induced changes in the biological mediation of lignin decay, the rate limiting step in plant litter decomposition. Thus, an altered co ...[more]

PMID: 29453258

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Project description:The structures of Ia molecules expressed by two BALB/c B cell lymphoma lines, A20-1.11 (A20) and 2PK3, were analyzed in an effort to explain the differences in antigen-presenting capacity displayed by these cells. Alloreactive T cell hybridomas specific for I-Ad and antigen-specific, I-Ad-restricted T cells responded well to A20 as the APC. The same alloreactive T cell hybridomas responded weakly or not at all to 2PK3 and the responses of the antigen-specific, I-Ad-restricted T cells were consistently lower to antigen presented by 2PK3 as compared with A20. T cells restricted to I-Ed responded equally well to either A20 or 2PK3 as APC. Additionally 2PK3, but not A20, stimulated a strong syngeneic mixed lymphocyte response. Structural analyses of the Ia antigens revealed that I-A and I-E molecules were expressed by A20, whereas an I-E and a novel I-A-like molecule were expressed by 2PK3. The novel class II molecule was affinity purified from 2PK3 cells using an mAb specific for Ad beta (MK-D6), and this molecule was subsequently shown by an RIA to react with an E alpha-specific mAb (14-4-4S) as well. Chain-specific polyclonal antisera raised against I-A and I-E alpha and beta chains indicated that the 2PK3 "I-A" alpha chain reacted in immunoblot with E alpha-specific and not A alpha-specific antisera, whereas the beta chain reacted with A beta- and not E beta-specific antisera. Peptide map and partial amino acid sequence analyses indicated that the "I-A" molecule expressed by 2PK3 represented a mixed isotype structure resulting from the pairing of Ed alpha with Ad beta. By immunofluorescence staining analysis, 2PK3 did not react with an mAb specific for Ad alpha. 2PK3 was capable of limited antigen presentation through the mixed isotype molecule to I-Ad-restricted OVA-specific T cell hybridomas, although the responses induced were low compared with presentation through I-A on A20. Previous descriptions of the expression of mixed isotype class II molecules in the mouse have resulted primarily from DNA-mediated gene transfer experiments. The results presented indicate that a mixed isotype class II molecule can be expressed naturally.

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Anthropogenic N Deposition Alters the Composition of Expressed Class II Fungal Peroxidases.

Publications

Anthropogenic N Deposition Alters the Composition of Expressed Class II Fungal Peroxidases.

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