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Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE:We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS:In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts – Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ?2.5?m, ?10?m, and 2.5–10?m in diameter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2.5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS:Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2.5 {hazard ratio (HR)=1.08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5??g/m3}, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10??g/m3], PMcoarse[1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5??g/m3], and NO2 [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10??g/m3], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20??g/m3, p=0.04]. CONCLUSIONS:We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1742.

SUBMITTER: Andersen ZJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5933325 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project.

Andersen Zorana J ZJ Stafoggia Massimo M Weinmayr Gudrun G Pedersen Marie M Galassi Claudia C Jørgensen Jeanette T JT Oudin Anna A Forsberg Bertil B Olsson David D Oftedal Bente B Aasvang Gunn Marit GM Aamodt Geir G Pyko Andrei A Pershagen Göran G Korek Michal M De Faire Ulf U Pedersen Nancy L NL Östenson Claes-Göran CG Fratiglioni Laura L Eriksen Kirsten T KT Tjønneland Anne A Peeters Petra H PH Bueno-de-Mesquita Bas B Plusquin Michelle M Key Timothy J TJ Jaensch Andrea A Nagel Gabriele G Lang Alois A Wang Meng M Tsai Ming-Yi MY Fournier Agnes A Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine MC Baglietto Laura L Grioni Sara S Marcon Alessandro A Krogh Vittorio V Ricceri Fulvio F Sacerdote Carlotta C Migliore Enrica E Tamayo-Uria Ibon I Amiano Pilar P Dorronsoro Miren M Vermeulen Roel R Sokhi Ranjeet R Keuken Menno M de Hoogh Kees K Beelen Rob R Vineis Paolo P Cesaroni Giulia G Brunekreef Bert B Hoek Gerard G Raaschou-Nielsen Ole O

Environmental health perspectives 20171013 10

<h4>Background</h4>Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent.<h4>Objective</h4>We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women.<h4>Methods</h4>In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the Europ ...[more]

PMID: 29033383

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Project description:Short-term exposure to air pollution has adverse effects among patients with asthma, but whether long-term exposure to air pollution is a cause of adult-onset asthma is unclear.We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution and adult onset asthma.Asthma incidence was prospectively assessed in six European cohorts. Exposures studied were annual average concentrations at home addresses for nitrogen oxides assessed for 23,704 participants (including 1,257 incident cases) and particulate matter (PM) assessed for 17,909 participants through ESCAPE land-use regression models and traffic exposure indicators. Meta-analyses of cohort-specific logistic regression on asthma incidence were performed. Models were adjusted for age, sex, overweight, education, and smoking and included city/area within each cohort as a random effect.In this longitudinal analysis, asthma incidence was positively, but not significantly, associated with all exposure metrics, except for PMcoarse. Positive associations of borderline significance were observed for nitrogen dioxide [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.21 per 10 ?g/m3; p = 0.10] and nitrogen oxides (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.08 per 20 ?g/m3; p = 0.08). Nonsignificant positive associations were estimated for PM10 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 10 ?g/m3), PM2.5 (adjusted OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.88, 1.23 per 5 ?g/m3), PM2.5absorbance (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.19 per 10-5/m), traffic load (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 4 million vehicles × meters/day on major roads in a 100-m buffer), and traffic intensity (adjusted OR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.30 per 5,000 vehicles/day on the nearest road). A nonsignificant negative association was estimated for PMcoarse (adjusted OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.87, 1.14 per 5 ?g/m3).Results suggest a deleterious effect of ambient air pollution on asthma incidence in adults. Further research with improved personal-level exposure assessment (vs. residential exposure assessment only) and phenotypic characterization is needed.

Project description:ObjectivesTo study the effect of long term exposure to airborne pollutants on the incidence of acute coronary events in 11 cohorts participating in the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE).DesignProspective cohort studies and meta-analysis of the results.SettingCohorts in Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, and Italy.Participants100 166 people were enrolled from 1997 to 2007 and followed for an average of 11.5 years. Participants were free from previous coronary events at baseline.Main outcome measuresModelled concentrations of particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), 2.5-10 μm (PMcoarse), and <10 μm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, soot (PM2.5 absorbance), nitrogen oxides, and traffic exposure at the home address based on measurements of air pollution conducted in 2008-12. Cohort specific hazard ratios for incidence of acute coronary events (myocardial infarction and unstable angina) per fixed increments of the pollutants with adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors, and pooled random effects meta-analytic hazard ratios.Results5157 participants experienced incident events. A 5 μg/m(3) increase in estimated annual mean PM2.5 was associated with a 13% increased risk of coronary events (hazard ratio 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.30), and a 10 μg/m(3) increase in estimated annual mean PM10 was associated with a 12% increased risk of coronary events (1.12, 1.01 to 1.25) with no evidence of heterogeneity between cohorts. Positive associations were detected below the current annual European limit value of 25 μg/m(3) for PM2.5 (1.18, 1.01 to 1.39, for 5 μg/m(3) increase in PM2.5) and below 40 μg/m(3) for PM10 (1.12, 1.00 to 1.27, for 10 μg/m(3) increase in PM10). Positive but non-significant associations were found with other pollutants.ConclusionsLong term exposure to particulate matter is associated with incidence of coronary events, and this association persists at levels of exposure below the current European limit values.

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Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project.

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Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project.

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