Dataset Information

LSD1 activates a lethal prostate cancer gene network independently of its demethylase function.

ABSTRACT: Medical castration that interferes with androgen receptor (AR) function is the principal treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, clinical progression is universal, and tumors with AR-independent resistance mechanisms appear to be increasing in frequency. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new treatments targeting molecular pathways enriched in lethal prostate cancer. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase and an important regulator of gene expression. Here, we show that LSD1 promotes the survival of prostate cancer cells, including those that are castration-resistant, independently of its demethylase function and of the AR. Importantly, this effect is explained in part by activation of a lethal prostate cancer gene network in collaboration with LSD1's binding protein, ZNF217. Finally, that a small-molecule LSD1 inhibitor-SP-2509-blocks important demethylase-independent functions and suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer cell viability demonstrates the potential of LSD1 inhibition in this disease.

SUBMITTER: Sehrawat A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5939079 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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LSD1 activates a lethal prostate cancer gene network independently of its demethylase function.

Sehrawat Archana A Gao Lina L Wang Yuliang Y Bankhead Armand A McWeeney Shannon K SK King Carly J CJ Schwartzman Jacob J Urrutia Joshua J Bisson William H WH Coleman Daniel J DJ Joshi Sunil K SK Kim Dae-Hwan DH Sampson David A DA Weinmann Sheila S Kallakury Bhaskar V S BVS Berry Deborah L DL Haque Reina R Van Den Eeden Stephen K SK Sharma Sunil S Bearss Jared J Beer Tomasz M TM Thomas George V GV Heiser Laura M LM Alumkal Joshi J JJ

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20180326 18

Medical castration that interferes with androgen receptor (AR) function is the principal treatment for advanced prostate cancer. However, clinical progression is universal, and tumors with AR-independent resistance mechanisms appear to be increasing in frequency. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop new treatments targeting molecular pathways enriched in lethal prostate cancer. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase and an important regulator of gene expression ...[more]

PMID: 29581250

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Project description:Lysine-specific demethylase 1A (LSD1) is a key regulator of the androgen (AR) and estrogen receptors (ER), and LSD1 levels correlate with tumor aggressiveness. Here, we demonstrate that LSD1 regulates vitamin D receptor (VDR) activity and is a mediator of 1,25(OH)2-D3 (vitamin D) action in prostate cancer (PCa).Athymic nude mice were xenografted with CWR22 cells and monitored weekly after testosterone pellet removal. Expression of LSD1 and VDR (IHC) were correlated with tumor growth using log-rank test. TRAMP tumors and prostates from wild-type (WT) mice were used to evaluate VDR and LSD1 expression via IHC and western blotting. The presence of VDR and LSD1 in the same transcriptional complex was evaluated via immunoprecipitation (IP) using nuclear cell lysate. The effect of LSD1 and 1,25(OH)2-D3 on cell viability was evaluated in C4-2 and BC1A cells via trypan blue exclusion. The role of LSD1 in VDR-mediated gene transcription was evaluated for Cdkn1a, E2f1, Cyp24a1, and S100g via qRT-PCR-TaqMan and via chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Methylation of Cdkn1a TSS was measured via bisulfite sequencing, and methylation of a panel of cancer-related genes was quantified using methyl arrays. The Cancer Genome Atlas data were retrieved to identify genes whose status correlates with LSD1 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1). Results were correlated with patients' survival data from two separate cohorts of primary and metastatic PCa.LSD1 and VDR protein levels are elevated in PCa tumors and correlate with faster tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. Knockdown of LSD1 reduces PCa cell viability, and gene expression data suggest a dual coregulatory role of LSD1 for VDR, acting as a coactivator and corepressor in a locus-specific manner. LSD1 modulates VDR-dependent transcription by mediating the recruitment of VDR and DNMT1 at the TSS of VDR-targeted genes and modulates the epigenetic status of transcribed genes by altering H3K4me2 and H3K9Ac and DNA methylation. Lastly, LSD1 and DNMT1 belong to a genome-wide signature whose expression correlates with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival in primary and metastatic patients' samples, respectively.Results demonstrate that LSD1 has a dual coregulatory role as corepressor and coactivator for VDR and defines a genomic signature whose targeting might have clinical relevance for PCa patients.

Project description:The objective of Human Y Chromosome Proteome Project is to map and annotate all proteins encoded by genes on the MSY sequences. Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5D (KDM5D) is located on the AZFb region of Y chromosome and encode for a JmjC-domain-containing protein. Changes in KDM5D transcript level in prostate cancer have shown in various studies. To investigation the function of KDM5D in prostate cancer, we knocked down the expression of KDM5D in human prostate cancer cell (DU-145) using siRNA approach. Down-regulation of KDM5D was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western-blot analyses. Cell cycle analysis and MTS assay revealed that down-regulation of KDM5D induces cell proliferation. Furthermore, we observed that KDM5D down-regulation could effectively decrease apoptosis, as measured by the propidium iodide flow cytometric assay. To further our study, we investigated the dynamic of KDM5D protein network using shotgun label free quantitative proteomics approach in knockdown and control cell line. In summary, 102 down-regulated and 107 up-regulated proteins were detected from 894 total proteins. Up-regulated proteins mainly activated ribosome biogenesis whereas down-regulated genes were mainly involved in proteolysis, cell death and metabolic process. The result raw files were converted to mzXML format and processed through the global proteome machine (GPM) software (version 2.1.1) of the X!Tandem algorithm (freely available at http://www.thegpm.org). The 16 gel fractions were processed serially for each experiment and the output files were generated as non-redundant, merged files with protein identifications with log (e) values less than -1, for each individual gel fraction. A protein database compiled from NCBI (Homo sapien) was used in GPM to search the tandem mass spectra; the database also included common trypsin and human peptide contaminants. False discovery rates (FDR) were evaluated by searching against a reversed sequence database. Search parameters included MS and MS/MS tolerances of +2 Da and +0.2 Da, carbamidomethylation of cysteine as fixed modifications, oxidation of methionine as variable modifications and tolerance of two missed tryptic cleavages and K/R-P cleavages.

Dataset Information

LSD1 activates a lethal prostate cancer gene network independently of its demethylase function.

Publications

LSD1 activates a lethal prostate cancer gene network independently of its demethylase function.

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