Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples of pediatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, south west Ethiopia.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Toru M
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5941600 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
Prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples of pediatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, south west Ethiopia.
Toru Milkiyas M Beyene Getnet G Kassa Tesfaye T Gizachew Zeleke Z Howe Rawleigh R Yeshitela Biruk Yeshitila Biruk B
BMC research notes 20180508 1
<h4>Objective</h4>This study was done to determine the prevalence and phenotypic characterization of Enterococcus species isolated from clinical samples of pediatric patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia.<h4>Results</h4>The overall prevalence of Enterococci species was 5.5% (22/403). Five (22.7%) of Enterococci species were vancomycin resistant. Haemolysin, gelatinase and biofilm production was seen among 45.5, 68.2 and 77.3% of isolates respectively. The overall ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundDiabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic metabolic disorder that caused about 4.2 million deaths and at least 760 billion dollars' expenditure in 2019, has been targeted for action by leaders of WHO member countries. In Ethiopia deaths, due to DM reached 34,262 in 2013. Studies show effective lifestyle interventions; particularly medical nutrition therapy reduces HbA1c by 0.5 to 2%. However, practicing recommended diet is reported to be difficult. Not only Knowledge and practice but also perception studies are therefore necessary to design future health programs.ObjectiveTo assess diabetic self-care, dietary practice and associated factors among diabetes patients.MethodInstitution-basedbased cross-sectional study design was employed from february15-May15, 2020 in Jimma university medical Centre (JUMC). Systematic sampling of every other patient (K = 2.7) was employed to interview 371 participants. A previously validated tool was used to collect data through a face-to-face interview. A path analysis was used to fit the structural model and tests the hypothesized Health Belief Model (HBM) relationships.ResultResponse rate was 95.4% (354). Around 52% of the participants were male and 76.8% follow diabetic education at least some times. 42.4% and 48% of respondents have good dietary and general self-care practices respectively. With unstandardized coefficient (standard error) self-efficacy0.10 (0.01) being the strongest cues to action0.10 (0.02), perceived threat0.02 (0.01), and perceived barrier-0.08(0.01) constructs of HBM have a significant effect on dietary practice. Knowledge, social support and diabetes distress exert a significant indirect effect on dietary practice through health belief constructs with unstandardized path coefficient (standard error) of 0.22(0.03), 0.02(0.01), and -0.03(0.004) respectively.ConclusionIn this study, the proportion of good practice is found to be lower for both dietary as well as general self-care. HBM can best fit to explain variability in dietary self-care practice; therefore, future interventions should be designed to address the vast perception and psychosocial factors influencing dietary self-care practices.
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Project description:Adherence to antihypertensive medications is a key component to control blood pressure levels. Poor adherence to these medications leads to the development of hypertensive complications and increase risk of cardiovascular events which in turn reduces the ultimate clinical outcome. The purpose of this study was to assess antihypertensive medication adherence and associated factors among adult hypertensive patients. A hospital-based cross-sectional study among adult hypertensive patients was conducted at hypertensive follow-up clinic of Jimma University Specialized Hospital from March 4, 2015 to April 3, 2015. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants from the study population. The study patients were interviewed and their medical charts were reviewed using a pretested structured questionnaire. Adherence was assessed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8) and MMAS-8 score less than 6 was considered as non-adherent and MMAS-8 score was ? 6 was declared as adherence. Factors associated with adherence were identified using binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Crude odds ratio, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval of the odds ratio were calculated using SPSS version 21. Variables with p-value less than 0.05 were assumed as statistically significant factors.Among 280 hypertensive patients, 61.8% of the study participants were found to be adherent. More than half (53.2%) of the participants were males and the mean age of the participants was 55.0 ± 12.7 years. Co-morbidity (AOR = 0.083, 95% CI = 0.033-0.207, p < 0.001), alcohol intake (AOR = 0.011, 95% CI = 0.002-0.079, p < 0.001), getting medications freely (AOR = 0.020, 95% CI = 0.003-0.117, p < 0.001), and combination of antihypertensive medications (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.144-0.712, p < 0.005) were inversely associated with antihypertensive medication adherence.The adherence level to the prescribed antihypertensive medications was found to be sub-optimal according to the MMAS-8, and influenced by co morbidity, alcohol intake, self-purchasing of the medications and combination of antihypertensive medications.
| S-EPMC5769214 | biostudies-other
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| S-EPMC6956043 | biostudies-literature
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Project description:BACKGROUND:Stroke is the second-leading global cause of death behind heart disease in 2013 and is a major cause of permanent disability. The burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing across the world. It is currently observed to be one of the commonest reasons of admission in many health care setups and becoming an alarming serious public health problem in our country Ethiopia. Despite the high burden of strokes globally, there is insufficient information on the current clinical profile of stroke in low and middle income countries (LMICs) including Ethiopia. So, this study was aimed to assess risk factors, clinical presentations and predictors of stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of Jimma university medical center (JUMC). METHODS:Prospective observational study design was carried out at stroke unit (SU) of JUMC for 4 consecutive months from March 10-July 10, 2017. A standardized data extraction checklist and patient interview was used to collect data. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of stroke subtypes. RESULT:A total of 116 eligible stroke patients were recruited during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 55.1?±?14.0?years and males comprised 62.9%. According to world health organization (WHO) criteria of stroke diagnosis, 51.7% of patients had ischemic while 48.3% had hemorrhagic stroke. The most common risk factor identified was hypertension (75.9%) followed by family history (33.6%), alcohol intake (22.4%), smoking (17.2%) and heart failure (17.2%). The most common clinical presentation was headache complained by 75.0% of the patients followed by aphasia 60.3% and hemiparesis 53.4%. Atrial fibrillation was the independent predictor of hemorrhagic stroke (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.68). CONCLUSION:The clinical characteristics of stroke in this set up were similar to other low- and middle-resource countries. As stroke is a high priority chronic disease, large-scale public health campaign should be launched focusing on public education regarding stroke risk factors and necessary interventions.
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Project description:BackgroundStroke is the second-leading global cause of death behind heart disease in 2013 and is a major cause of permanent disability. The burden of stroke in terms of mortality, morbidity and disability is increasing across the world. It is currently observed to be one of the commonest reasons of admission in many health care setups and becoming an alarming serious public health problem in our country Ethiopia. Despite the high burden of strokes globally, there is insufficient information on the current clinical profile of stroke in low and middle income countries (LMICs) including Ethiopia. So, this study was aimed to assess risk factors, clinical presentations and predictors of stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of Jimma university medical center (JUMC).MethodsProspective observational study design was carried out at stroke unit (SU) of JUMC for 4 consecutive months from March 10-July 10, 2017. A standardized data extraction checklist and patient interview was used to collect data. Data was entered into Epi data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of stroke subtypes.ResultA total of 116 eligible stroke patients were recruited during the study period. The mean age of the patients was 55.1 ± 14.0 years and males comprised 62.9%. According to world health organization (WHO) criteria of stroke diagnosis, 51.7% of patients had ischemic while 48.3% had hemorrhagic stroke. The most common risk factor identified was hypertension (75.9%) followed by family history (33.6%), alcohol intake (22.4%), smoking (17.2%) and heart failure (17.2%). The most common clinical presentation was headache complained by 75.0% of the patients followed by aphasia 60.3% and hemiparesis 53.4%. Atrial fibrillation was the independent predictor of hemorrhagic stroke (AOR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.68).ConclusionThe clinical characteristics of stroke in this set up were similar to other low- and middle-resource countries. As stroke is a high priority chronic disease, large-scale public health campaign should be launched focusing on public education regarding stroke risk factors and necessary interventions.
| S-EPMC6681486 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND:Drug therapy problem (DTP) is any unwanted incident related to medication therapy that actually or potentially affects the desired goals of treatment. Heart failure (HF) patients are more likely to experience DTP owing to multiple prescriptions and comorbidities. Despite the serious negative impact of DTP on treatment outcomes, there is a dearth of study on DTP among HF patients in Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE:The main aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and contributing factors of DTP among ambulatory HF patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. METHODS:A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient after full explanation of the study. Data were collected through patient interview and expert review of medical, medication and laboratory records of one-year follow-up from May 2015 to April 2016. DTPs were identified using Cipolle's method followed by consensus review with experts. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors contributing to DTP. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant in all analyses. RESULT:Of 340 study participants; male to female ratio was equivalent, the mean (± SD = standard deviation) age was 50.5±15.6 years. Eight hundred eighty DTPs were identified equating 2.6 ±1.8 DTPs per patient. The frequently identified DTPs were dosage too low (27.8%), ineffective drug therapy (27.6%) and need additional drug therapy (27.4%). Most commonly implicated drugs were beta-blockers (34.4%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (24.8%), statins (16.5%) and antithrombotics (13.1%). Factors contributing to DTP were age >50 years (AOR [adjusted odd ratio] = 5.43, 95%CI [95% confidence interval] = 2.03-14.50); negative medication belief (AOR = 3.50, 95%CI = 1.22-10.05); poor involvement of patients in the therapeutic decision makings (AOR = 4.11, 95%CI = 1.91-8.88); number of co-morbidity?2(AOR = 5.26, 95%CI = 2.38-11.65) and number of medications ?5 (AOR = 3.68, 95%CI = 1.28-10.51). CONCLUSION:DTPs are common among ambulatory care HF patients. Patients with older age, negative medication belief, polypharmacy, co-morbidities and those who were poorly involved in the therapeutic decision were more likely to experience DTP. Despite traditional prescription refilling, an integrated multidisciplinary approach involving patients and clinically trained pharmacists should be implemented in the patient care process at ambulatory care clinics in order to improve overall outcomes and reduce DTPs and associated burdens in HF patients.
| S-EPMC6198973 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundThe characteristics and incidence of adverse drug events (ADEs) among pediatric cancer patients in developing countries have not been well characterized. ADEs & medication errors associated with cancer chemotherapy in children need to be analyzed on their incidence and severity. The purpose of this study was hence, to assess the incidence of adverse drug events and contributing factors among pediatric cancer patients at Jimma university medical center, Jimma, Ethiopia.MethodA prospective observational method was used to study adverse drug events in pediatrics admitted to the pediatric oncology unit of Jimma University medical center between October and December 2020. The ADEs were identified using multifaceted approaches involving daily chart review, interviews of Parents/caregivers (and/or children themselves), attendance at ward rounds, and voluntary staff reports. Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the predictors of the identified ADEs. Those factors that showed association at p-value < 0.25 in the univariate analysis were added to the backward multivariate logistic regression model and the significant association was checked at p-value < 0.05.ResultA total of 73 (46 male and 27 female) patients were included in the study. A total of 466 ADEs were identified with an incidence of 638.36 ADEs per 100 patients, 38.35 ADEs per 100 patient days, and 2.34 ADEs per chemotherapy cycle. The most common ADEs were hematologic toxicities (anemia 55(11.8%), neutropenia 52(11.16%) & thrombocytopenia 31(6.65%)), and gastrointestinal effects (nausea 46(9.87%), vomiting 46(9.87%), anorexia 41(8.8%). Out of 466 ADEs, 150 (32.19%) were classified as common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) as Grade 1, 199 (42.70%) as Grade 2, 64(13.73%) as Grade 3, 48(10.30%) as grade 4 and 5(1.07%) as Grade 5. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is the most common comorbidity present, 20(27.40%) followed by pneumonia, 4(5.50%). Presence of comorbidity (AOR 12.700, CI 1.978-81.549), cancer type (AOR 13.332, CI 3.288-54.059), use of 4 or more chemotherapy drugs (AOR 6.179, CI 1.894-20.165) and length of hospital stay more than 8 days (AOR 5.367, CI 1.167-24.684) were associated with the risk of developing grades 3 and 4 ADEs.ConclusionAdverse drug events were common in the pediatric oncology ward of JUMC. In particular, children with multiple chemotherapy drugs and those with the comorbid condition were at greater risk for adverse drug events.
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Project description:BackgroundCorona (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered corona virus. The World Health Organization has recommended several preventive measures for COVID-19 and African countries, including Ethiopia had accepted and engaged in the recommended preventive measures. Adherence to COVID-19 prevention measure is still a big problem; however, the level of adherence to preventive measures had not reported in Ethiopia among students and there is an information gap, therefore, this study conducted to fill the information gap on level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures among students.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and its associated factors among high school students in Jimma Town public High Schools in southwest Ethiopia, 2021.Methods sand materialsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 404 systematically selected high school students from Jimma town from July 15 to August 2, 2021. The sample size was determined using a single-population proportion formula, and data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-data manager 4.4.2.1 then exported to Stata 14 for cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were declared to identify significant variables. Finally; significant factors were determined at a significance level of <0.05.ResultsOf 388 students included in the analysis, approximately 14.7% (95%CI: 11.51-18.60) of students had good level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.Only 6.9%of participants had good knowledge where as approximately half of the respondents had favorable attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures. Factors such as Female gender (AOR = 1.03(95%CI: 1.01-1.74), access to water and soap (AOR = 2.11(95%CI: 1.06-4.19) andattitude (AOR = 4.36(95%CI: 2.69-7.08)) were found to have a statistically significant association with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.ConclusionAdherence to COVID-19preventive measures among students wasunexpectedly lower than in other studies. Female gender, lack of access to water and soap, and attitudes were factors associated with adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Therefore, to ensure maximal adherence to preventive measures for COVID-19, special messages and efforts targeting males, increasing access to water and soap, trainingto improve attitude toward COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented at schools.
| S-EPMC9803269 | biostudies-literature