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Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Microbially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth. RESULTS:Species richness and alpha diversity differed little between PHIV and PHEU youth. Group differences in average counts met the significance threshold for six taxa; two Corynebacterium species were lower in PHIV and met thresholds for noteworthiness. Several known periodontitis-associated organisms (Prevotella nigrescens, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Filifactor alocis) exhibited expected associations with periodontitis in PHEU youth, associations not observed in PHIV youth. In both groups, odds of caries increased with counts of taxa in four genera, Streptococcus, Scardovia, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus. CONCLUSIONS:The microbiomes of PHIV and PHEU youth were similar, although PHIV youth seemed to have fewer "health"-associated taxa such as Corynebacterium species. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that HIV infection, or its treatment, may contribute to oral dysbiosis.

SUBMITTER: Starr JR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5984365 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

Starr Jacqueline R JR Huang Yanmei Y Lee Kyu Ha KH Murphy C M CM Moscicki Anna-Barbara AB Shiboski Caroline H CH Ryder Mark I MI Yao Tzy-Jyun TJ Faller Lina L LL Van Dyke Russell B RB Paster Bruce J BJ

Microbiome 20180531 1

<h4>Background</h4>Microbially mediated oral diseases can signal underlying HIV/AIDS progression in HIV-infected adults. The role of the oral microbiota in HIV-infected youth is not known. The Adolescent Master Protocol of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study is a longitudinal study of perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) and HIV-exposed, uninfected (PHEU) youth. We compared oral microbiome levels and associations with caries or periodontitis in 154 PHIV and 100 PHEU youth.<h4>Results</h4>Species rich ...[more]

PMID: 29855347

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Project description:OBJECTIVE:To identify factors associated with nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load across adolescence among youth with perinatally acquired HIV. DESIGN:Longitudinal study at 15 US clinical sites. METHODS:Self-reported antiretroviral medication nonadherence (any missed dose, past week) and unsuppressed viral load (HIV RNA?>?400 copies/ml) were assessed annually. Individual, caregiver, social, and structural factors associated with nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load were identified by age (years): 8-11 (preadolescence), 12-14 (early adolescence), 15-17 (middle adolescence), and 18-22 (late adolescence/young adulthood), utilizing multivariable generalized linear mixed effects models. RESULTS:During a median 3.3-year follow-up, 381 youth with perinatally acquired HIV contributed viral load measurements and 379 completed 1190 adherence evaluations. From preadolescence to late adolescence/young adulthood, prevalence of nonadherence increased from 31 to 50% (P?<?0.001); prevalence of unsuppressed viral load increased from 16 to 40% (P?<?0.001). In adjusted analyses, in pre, middle, and late adolescence/young adulthood, perceived antiretroviral side effects were associated with nonadherence. Additional factors associated with nonadherence included: in preadolescence, using a buddy system (as an adherence reminder); in early adolescence, identifying as black, using buddy system; in middle adolescence, CD4% less than 15%, unmarried caregiver, indirect exposure to violence, stigma/fear of inadvertent disclosure, stressful life events. Associations with unsuppressed viral load included: in early adolescence, youth unawareness of HIV status, lower income; in middle adolescence, perceived antiretroviral side effects, lower income; in late adolescence/young adulthood, distressing physical symptoms, and perceived antiretroviral side effects. CONCLUSION:Prevalence of nonadherence and unsuppressed viral load increased with age. Associated factors varied across adolescence. Recognition of age-specific factors is important when considering strategies to support adherence.

Dataset Information

Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

Publications

Oral microbiota in youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection.

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