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Viral Macrodomains: Unique Mediators of Viral Replication and Pathogenesis.


ABSTRACT: Viruses from the Coronaviridae, Togaviridae, and Hepeviridae families ?all contain genes that encode a conserved protein domain, called a macrodomain; however, the role of this domain during infection has remained enigmatic. The recent discovery that mammalian macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove ADP-ribose, a common post-translation modification, from proteins has led to an outburst of studies describing both the enzymatic activity and function of viral macrodomains. These new studies have defined these domains as de-ADP-ribosylating enzymes, which indicates that these viruses have evolved to counteract antiviral ADP-ribosylation, likely mediated by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs). Here, we comprehensively review this rapidly expanding field, describing the structures and enzymatic activities of viral macrodomains, and discussing their roles in viral replication and pathogenesis.

SUBMITTER: Fehr AR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6003825 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Viral Macrodomains: Unique Mediators of Viral Replication and Pathogenesis.

Fehr Anthony R AR   Jankevicius Gytis G   Ahel Ivan I   Perlman Stanley S  

Trends in microbiology 20180701 7


Viruses from the Coronaviridae, Togaviridae, and Hepeviridae families ​all contain genes that encode a conserved protein domain, called a macrodomain; however, the role of this domain during infection has remained enigmatic. The recent discovery that mammalian macrodomain proteins enzymatically remove ADP-ribose, a common post-translation modification, from proteins has led to an outburst of studies describing both the enzymatic activity and function of viral macrodomains. These new studies have  ...[more]

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