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A Non-canonical Feedback Circuit for Rapid Interactions between Somatosensory Cortices.

ABSTRACT: Sensory perception depends on interactions among cortical areas. These interactions are mediated by canonical patterns of connectivity in which higher areas send feedback projections to lower areas via neurons in superficial and deep layers. Here, we probed the circuit basis of interactions among two areas critical for touch perception in mice, whisker primary (wS1) and secondary (wS2) somatosensory cortices. Neurons in layer 4 of wS2 (S2L4) formed a major feedback pathway to wS1. Feedback from wS2 to wS1 was organized somatotopically. Spikes evoked by whisker deflections occurred nearly as rapidly in wS2 as in wS1, including among putative S2L4 ? S1 feedback neurons. Axons from S2L4 ? S1 neurons sent stimulus orientation-specific activity to wS1. Optogenetic excitation of S2L4 neurons modulated activity across both wS2 and wS1, while inhibition of S2L4 reduced orientation tuning among wS1 neurons. Thus, a non-canonical feedback circuit, originating in layer 4 of S2, rapidly modulates early tactile processing.

SUBMITTER: Minamisawa G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6004823 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A Non-canonical Feedback Circuit for Rapid Interactions between Somatosensory Cortices.

Minamisawa Genki G Kwon Sung Eun SE Chevée Maxime M Brown Solange P SP O'Connor Daniel H DH

Cell reports 20180501 9

Sensory perception depends on interactions among cortical areas. These interactions are mediated by canonical patterns of connectivity in which higher areas send feedback projections to lower areas via neurons in superficial and deep layers. Here, we probed the circuit basis of interactions among two areas critical for touch perception in mice, whisker primary (wS1) and secondary (wS2) somatosensory cortices. Neurons in layer 4 of wS2 (S2<sub>L4</sub>) formed a major feedback pathway to wS1. Fee ...[more]

PMID: 29847801

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Project description:UnlabelledTo better understand the association between different components of bone quality, we investigated the relationship among in vivo generated non-enzymatic glycation, resorption, and microdamage. The results showed negative correlation between advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and resorption independent of age highlighting the interaction between these parameters that may lead to bone fragility.IntroductionChanges in the quality of bone material contribute significantly to bone fragility. In order to establish a better understanding of the interaction of the different components of bone quality and their influence on bone fragility, we investigated the relationship between non-enzymatic glycation, resorption, and microdamage generated in vivo in cortical bone using bone specimens from the same donors.MethodsTotal fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) were measured in 96 human cortical bone samples from 83 donors. Resorption pit density, average resorption pit area, and percent resorption area were quantified in samples from 48 common donors with AGE measurements. Linear microcrack density and diffuse damage were measured in 21 common donors with AGE and resorption measurements. Correlation analyses were performed between all measured variables to establish the relationships among them and their variation with age.ResultsWe found that average resorption pit area and percent resorption area decreased with increasing AGEs independently of age. Resorption pit density and percent resorption area demonstrated negative age-adjusted correlation with diffuse damage. Furthermore, average resorption pit area, resorption pit density, and percent resorption area were found to decrease significantly with age.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated the in vivo interrelationship between the organic constituents, remodeling, and damage formation in cortical bone. In addition to the age-related reduction in resorption, there is a negative correlation between AGEs and resorption independent of age. This inverse relationship indicates that AGEs alter the resorption process and/or accumulate in the tissue as a result of reduced resorption and may lead to bone fragility by adversely affecting fracture resistance through altered bone matrix properties.

Dataset Information

A Non-canonical Feedback Circuit for Rapid Interactions between Somatosensory Cortices.

Publications

A Non-canonical Feedback Circuit for Rapid Interactions between Somatosensory Cortices.

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