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Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material.

ABSTRACT: A Standard Reference Material (SRM) of seaweed, SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) has been developed to support food and dietary supplement measurements in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The material was characterized for nutritional minerals, arsenic species, isomers of vitamin K1, proximates, and toxic elements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and it is an excellent source of dietary iodine. Kelp also contains a large amount of arsenic, which is toxic as inorganic species but much less so as organic species. To capture the dietary profile of kelp, certified values were issued for As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Pb, and Zn. Reference values for proximates were assigned. For the first time, a certified value for iodine, reference values for isomers of vitamin K1, and reference values for arsenic species including arsenosugars were assigned in a seaweed. SRM 3232 fills a gap in Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) needed for quality assurance and method validation in the compositional measurements of kelp and similar seaweeds used as food and as dietary supplements. Graphical Absract Arsenic species and isomers of vitamin K1 were determined in the development of SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae).

SUBMITTER: Yu LL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6013078 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material.

Yu Lee L LL Browning Joseph F JF Burdette Carolyn Q CQ Caceres George C GC Chieh Kaitlyn D KD Davis W Clay WC Kassim Brittany L BL Long Stephen E SE Murphy Karen E KE Oflaz Rabia R Paul Rick L RL Sharpless Katherine E KE Wood Laura J LJ Yen James H JH Zeisler Rolf R

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 20171209 4

A Standard Reference Material (SRM) of seaweed, SRM 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus laminariae) has been developed to support food and dietary supplement measurements in compliance with the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA). The material was characterized for nutritional minerals, arsenic species, isomers of vitamin K<sub>1</sub>, proximates, and toxic elements. Kelp is a rich source of vitamins and minerals, and it is an excellent ...[more]

PMID: 29222652

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Project description:A dietary supplement, kelp contains a significant amount of arsenic that is mostly arsenosugars. The determination of arsenosugars is difficult due to a lack of arsenosugar calibration standard, because arsenosugar compounds are not commercially available. This work reports the determination of arsenicals in a kelp extract with traceability to the International System of Units (SI). The hydrophilic fraction of arsenicals was reproducibly extracted from a candidate Standard Reference Material (SRM) 3232 Kelp Powder (Thallus Laminariae) in development at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Arsenosugars and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were separated into fractions using analytical liquid chromatography (LC) cation and anion columns. The arsenic in the fractions was determined using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Cation exchange separation was used for INAA determination of arsenosugar 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-?-ribofuranosyloxy]propylene glycol (As(328)) for the first time, while DMA, arsenosugars 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-?-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropyl 2,3-dihydroxypropyl hydrogen phosphate (As(482)), and 3-[5'-deoxy-5'-(dimethylarsinoyl)-?-ribofuranosyloxy]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (As(392)) were determined following anion exchange separation. The contents of DMA, As(328), As(482), and As(392) were 0.41 mg kg-1 ± 0.09 mg kg-1, 1.10 mg kg-1 ± 0.25 mg kg-1, 5.23 mg kg-1 ± 0.46 mg kg-1, and 13.17 mg kg-1 ± 0.67 mg kg-1, respectively. Separately, components of arsenic species in the kelp extract including DMA, As(328), and inorganic arsenic were determined using LC-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results of DMA and As(328) were 0.485 mg kg-1 ± 0.024 mg kg-1 and 1.14 mg kg-1 ± 0.03 mg kg-1, respectively, which were in good agreement with those determined by INAA in fractions of LC eluent. The most toxic species, AsIII and AsV were found to be < 0.07 mg kg-1 and 0.231 mg kg-1 ± 0.018 mg kg-1, respectively. Results were traceable to SI.

Project description:A recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 Reference Standard Material (rAAV2 RSM) has been produced and characterized with the purpose of providing a reference standard for particle titer, vector genome titer, and infectious titer for AAV2 gene transfer vectors. Production and purification of the reference material were carried out by helper virus-free transient transfection and chromatographic purification. The purified bulk material was vialed, confirmed negative for microbial contamination, and then distributed for characterization along with standard assay protocols and assay reagents to 16 laboratories worldwide. Using statistical transformation and modeling of the raw data, mean titers and confidence intervals were determined for capsid particles ({X}, 9.18?x?10¹¹ particles/ml; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.89?x?10¹¹ to 1.05?x?10¹² particles/ml), vector genomes ({X}, 3.28?x?10¹? vector genomes/ml; 95% CI, 2.70?x?10¹? to 4.75?x?10¹? vector genomes/ml), transducing units ({X}, 5.09?x?10? transducing units/ml; 95% CI, 2.00?x?10? to 9.60?x?10? transducing units/ml), and infectious units ({X}, 4.37?x?10? TCID?? IU/ml; 95% CI, 2.06?x?10? to 9.26?x?10? TCID?? IU/ml). Further analysis confirmed the identity of the reference material as AAV2 and the purity relative to nonvector proteins as greater than 94%. One obvious trend in the quantitative data was the degree of variation between institutions for each assay despite the relatively tight correlation of assay results within an institution. This relatively poor degree of interlaboratory precision and accuracy was apparent even though attempts were made to standardize the assays by providing detailed protocols and common reagents. This is the first time that such variation between laboratories has been thoroughly documented and the findings emphasize the need in the field for universal reference standards. The rAAV2 RSM has been deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and is available to the scientific community to calibrate laboratory-specific internal titer standards. Anticipated uses of the rAAV2 RSM are discussed.

Dataset Information

Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material.

Publications

Development of a kelp powder (Thallus laminariae) Standard Reference Material.

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