Dataset Information

Signals from the brain and olfactory epithelium control shaping of the mammalian nasal capsule cartilage.

ABSTRACT: Facial shape is the basis for facial recognition and categorization. Facial features reflect the underlying geometry of the skeletal structures. Here, we reveal that cartilaginous nasal capsule (corresponding to upper jaw and face) is shaped by signals generated by neural structures: brain and olfactory epithelium. Brain-derived Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) enables the induction of nasal septum and posterior nasal capsule, whereas the formation of a capsule roof is controlled by signals from the olfactory epithelium. Unexpectedly, the cartilage of the nasal capsule turned out to be important for shaping membranous facial bones during development. This suggests that conserved neurosensory structures could benefit from protection and have evolved signals inducing cranial cartilages encasing them. Experiments with mutant mice revealed that the genomic regulatory regions controlling production of SHH in the nervous system contribute to facial cartilage morphogenesis, which might be a mechanism responsible for the adaptive evolution of animal faces and snouts.

SUBMITTER: Kaucka M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6019068 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Signals from the brain and olfactory epithelium control shaping of the mammalian nasal capsule cartilage.

Kaucka Marketa M Petersen Julian J Tesarova Marketa M Szarowska Bara B Kastriti Maria Eleni ME Xie Meng M Kicheva Anna A Annusver Karl K Kasper Maria M Symmons Orsolya O Pan Leslie L Spitz Francois F Kaiser Jozef J Hovorakova Maria M Zikmund Tomas T Sunadome Kazunori K Matise Michael P MP Wang Hui H Marklund Ulrika U Abdo Hind H Ernfors Patrik P Maire Pascal P Wurmser Maud M Chagin Andrei S AS Fried Kaj K Adameyko Igor I

eLife 20180613

Facial shape is the basis for facial recognition and categorization. Facial features reflect the underlying geometry of the skeletal structures. Here, we reveal that cartilaginous nasal capsule (corresponding to upper jaw and face) is shaped by signals generated by neural structures: brain and olfactory epithelium. Brain-derived Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) enables the induction of nasal septum and posterior nasal capsule, whereas the formation of a capsule roof is controlled by signals from the olfacto ...[more]

PMID: 29897331

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Project description:Dogs have an exquisite sense of olfaction. In many instances this ability has been utilized by humans for a wide range of important situations including detecting explosives and illegal drugs. It is accepted that some breeds have better senses of smell than others. Dogs can detect many volatile compounds at extremely low concentrations in air. To achieve such high levels of detection, the canine olfactory system is both complex and highly developed requiring a high density of olfactory receptors capable of detecting volatiles. Consequently the dog genome encodes a large number of olfactory receptor (OR) genes. However, it remains unclear as to what extent are all of these OR genes expressed on the cell surface. To facilitate such studies, a nasal brushing method was developed to recover dog nasal epithelial cell samples from which total RNA could be extracted and used to prepare high quality cDNA libraries. After capture by hybridization with an extensive set of oligonucleotides, the level of expression of each transcript was measured following next generation sequencing (NGS). The reproducibility of this sampling approach was checked by analyzing replicate samples from the same animal (up to 6 per each naris). The quality of the hybridization capture was also checked by analyzing two DNA libraries; this offered an advantage over RNA libraries by having an equal presence for each gene. Finally, we compared this brushing method performed on living dogs to a nasal epithelium biopsy approach applied to two euthanized terminally ill dogs, following consent from their owners.Comparison the expression levels of each transcript indicate that the ratios of expression between the highest and the least expressed OR in each sample are greater than 10,000 (paralog variation). Furthermore, it was clear that a number of OR genes are not expressed.The method developed and described here will allow researchers to further address whether variations observed in the OR transcriptome relate to dog 'life experiences' and whether any differences observed between samples are dog-specific or breed-specific.

Dataset Information

Signals from the brain and olfactory epithelium control shaping of the mammalian nasal capsule cartilage.

Publications

Signals from the brain and olfactory epithelium control shaping of the mammalian nasal capsule cartilage.

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