Dataset Information

Optimization of growth and production parameters of walnut (Juglans regia) saplings with response surface methodology.

ABSTRACT: Straw mulching is an effective conservation tillage tool that utilizes waste resources and reduces environmental pollution. To determine the optimal levels of quality, placement and quantity of straw mulching, we performed a field experiment that used the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. The treatments designed for walnut saplings (Juglans regia) considered three independent variables: quality, placement, and quantity of straw mulching. Tree height of walnut saplings (THW) and net photosynthesis rate (NPR) were used as the response variables in a full, quadratic polynomial model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed that the selected models were significant (P < 0.05), expressing ideal relationships between the independent and dependent variables (R² ≥ 0.9225). The optimum conditions for the THW and NPR responses were determined to be a straw mulching quality which mixed rice and rapeseed straws, a straw mulching placement which covered the entire soil surface of experimental plots, and a straw mulching quantity applied as 3 kg/m² (i.e., the low level). This optimized scheme of straw mulching combinations offers an alternate choice for optimizing the growth and potential yield of walnut saplings, but practical field experiments should also be carried out to obtain more site-specific results.

SUBMITTER: Song D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6030184 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Optimization of growth and production parameters of walnut (Juglans regia) saplings with response surface methodology.

Song Dagang D Pan Kaiwen K Zhang Aiping A Wu Xiaogang X Tariq Akash A Chen Wenkai W Li Zilong Z Sun Feng F Sun Xiaoming X Olatunji Olusanya Abiodun OA Zhang Lin L

Scientific reports 20180703 1

Straw mulching is an effective conservation tillage tool that utilizes waste resources and reduces environmental pollution. To determine the optimal levels of quality, placement and quantity of straw mulching, we performed a field experiment that used the Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology. The treatments designed for walnut saplings (Juglans regia) considered three independent variables: quality, placement, and quantity of straw mulching. Tree height of walnut sapling ...[more]

PMID: 29968765

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Project description:The distribution and survival of trees during the last glacial maximum (LGM) has been of interest to paleoecologists, biogeographers, and geneticists. Ecological niche models that associate species occurrence and abundance with climatic variables are widely used to gain ecological and evolutionary insights and to predict species distributions over space and time. The present study deals with the glacial history of walnut to address questions related to past distributions through genetic analysis and ecological modeling of the present, LGM and Last Interglacial (LIG) periods. A maximum entropy method was used to project the current walnut distribution model on to the LGM (21-18 kyr BP) and LIG (130-116 kyr BP) climatic conditions. Model tuning identified the walnut data set filtered at 10 km spatial resolution as the best for modeling the current distribution and to hindcast past (LGM and LIG) distributions of walnut. The current distribution model predicted southern Caucasus, parts of West and Central Asia extending into South Asia encompassing northern Afghanistan, Pakistan, northwestern Himalayan region, and southwestern Tibet, as the favorable climatic niche matching the modern distribution of walnut. The hindcast of distributions suggested the occurrence of walnut during LGM was somewhat limited to southern latitudes from southern Caucasus, Central and South Asian regions extending into southwestern Tibet, northeastern India, Himalayan region of Sikkim and Bhutan, and southeastern China. Both CCSM and MIROC projections overlapped, except that MIROC projected a significant presence of walnut in the Balkan Peninsula during the LGM. In contrast, genetic analysis of the current walnut distribution suggested a much narrower area in northern Pakistan and the surrounding areas of Afghanistan, northwestern India, and southern Tajikistan as a plausible hotspot of diversity where walnut may have survived glaciations. Overall, the findings suggest that walnut perhaps survived the last glaciations in several refugia across a wide geographic area between 30° and 45° North latitude. However, humans probably played a significant role in the recent history and modern distribution of walnut.

Dataset Information

Optimization of growth and production parameters of walnut (Juglans regia) saplings with response surface methodology.

Publications

Optimization of growth and production parameters of walnut (Juglans regia) saplings with response surface methodology.

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