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Substrate deformations induce directed keratinocyte migration.

ABSTRACT: Cell migration is an essential part of many (patho)physiological processes, including keratinocyte re-epithelialization of healing wounds. Physical forces and mechanical cues from the wound bed (in addition to biochemical signals) may also play an important role in the healing process. Previously, we explored this possibility and found that polyacrylamide (PA) gel stiffness affected human keratinocyte behaviour and that mechanical deformations in soft (approx. 1.2 kPa) PA gels produced by neighbouring cells appeared to influence the process of de novo epithelial sheet formation. To clearly demonstrate that keratinocytes do respond to such deformations, we conducted a series of experiments where we observed the response of single keratinocytes to a prescribed local substrate deformation that mimicked a neighbouring cell or evolving multicellular aggregate via a servo-controlled microneedle. We also examined the effect of adding either Y27632 or blebbistatin on cell response. Our results indicate that keratinocytes do sense and respond to mechanical signals comparable to those that originate from substrate deformations imposed by neighbouring cells, a finding that could have important implications for the process of keratinocyte re-epithelialization that takes place during wound healing. Furthermore, the Rho/ROCK pathway and the engagement of NM II are both essential to substrate deformation-directed keratinocyte migration.

SUBMITTER: Zarkoob H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC6030620 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Substrate deformations induce directed keratinocyte migration.

Zarkoob Hoda H Chinnathambi Sathivel S Selby John C JC Sander Edward A EA

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface 20180601 143

Cell migration is an essential part of many (patho)physiological processes, including keratinocyte re-epithelialization of healing wounds. Physical forces and mechanical cues from the wound bed (in addition to biochemical signals) may also play an important role in the healing process. Previously, we explored this possibility and found that polyacrylamide (PA) gel stiffness affected human keratinocyte behaviour and that mechanical deformations in soft (approx. 1.2 kPa) PA gels produced by neighb ...[more]

PMID: 29899159

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Project description:Restoration of epidermal organization and function in response to a variety of pathophysiological insults is critically dependent on coordinated keratinocyte migration, proliferation, and stratification during the process of wound healing. These processes are mediated by the reconfiguration of both cell-cell (desmosomes, adherens junctions) and cell-matrix (focal adhesions, hemidesmosomes) junctions and the cytoskeletal filament networks that they serve to interconnect. In this study, we investigated the role of substrate elasticity (stiffness) on keratinocyte colony formation in vitro during the process of nascent epithelial sheet formation as triggered by the calcium switch model of keratinocyte culture. Keratinocytes cultured on pepsin digested type I collagen coated soft (nominal E = 1.2 kPa) polyacrylamide gels embedded with fluorescent microspheres exhibited (i) smaller spread contact areas, (ii) increased migration velocities, and (iii) increased rates of colony formation with more cells per colony than did keratinocytes cultured on stiff (nominal E = 24 kPa) polyacrylamide gels. As assessed by tracking of embedded microsphere displacements, keratinocytes cultured on soft substrates generated large local substrate deformations that appeared to recruit adjacent keratinocytes into joining an evolving colony. Together with the observed differences in keratinocyte kinematics and substrate deformations, we developed two ad hoc analyses, termed distance rank (DR) and radius of cooperativity (RC), that help to objectively ascribe what we perceive as increasingly cooperative behavior of keratinocytes cultured on soft versus stiff gels during the process of colony formation. We hypothesize that the differences in keratinocyte colony formation observed in our experiments could be due to cell-cell mechanical signaling generated via local substrate deformations that appear to be correlated with the increased expression of ?4 integrin within keratinocytes positioned along the periphery of an evolving cell colony.

Dataset Information

Substrate deformations induce directed keratinocyte migration.

Publications

Substrate deformations induce directed keratinocyte migration.

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